Diese Liste von Bischöfinnen enthält die Namen von Frauen, die in ihrer Kirche zur Bischöfin gewählt wurden und daraufhin die Bischofsweihe empfingen oder in anderer Weise in ihr Amt eingeführt wurden, mit dem Beginn und Ende ihrer Amtszeit sowie dem Bistum, dem sie vorstanden oder vorstehen.
Nicht gelistet werden anglikanische Suffraganbischöfinnen und deutsche Regionalbischöfinnen.
Geschichte
BearbeitenDass Frauen das Bischofsamt bekleiden können, ist an sich eine Konsequenz der Frauenordination. Bei der kirchlichen Karriere waren Frauen aber zunächst durch den Effekt der Gläsernen Decke benachteiligt (englisch, bezogen auf religiöse Organisationen: stained glass ceiling).[1]
Die erste Kirche, welche Frauen in das Bischofsamt wählte, war die Evangelisch-methodistische Kirche (United Methodist Church, UMC). Diese Kirche entsendet Geistliche für einen festgelegten Zeitraum in eine Gemeinde bzw. ein Bistum, ein Umstand, der sich als sehr günstig für den Aufstieg von Frauen in kirchliche Führungspositionen erwiesen hat.[2] Erste Bischöfin wurde 1980 Marjorie Matthews.
Als Barbara Clementine Harris im Februar 1989 zur ersten Bischöfin in der Anglikanischen Gemeinschaft geweiht wurde, erregte das großes Aufsehen und Widerstand konservativer kirchlicher Kreise. Sie war Suffraganbischöfin und hatte damit zwar die gleichen liturgischen Aufgaben, aber weniger Machtbefugnisse als der Diözesanbischof von Massachusetts, dem sie zugeordnet war. Die erste Diözesanbischöfin in der Anglikanischen Gemeinschaft war Penny Jamieson (1990). In der Church of England (CofE) steht das Bischofsamt Frauen erst seit 2014 offen;[3] als erste Frau empfing Libby Lane am 26. Januar 2015 als Suffraganbischöfin die Bischofsweihe der CofE;[4] die erste Diözesanbischöfin der CofE ist Rachel Treweek (seit 2015).[5]
Die römisch-katholische Kirche betrachtet die Weihe von Bischöfinnen im Luthertum und Anglikanismus als Erschwernis für die ökumenischen Beziehungen. Das gilt besonders für die Kirchen, die das historische Bischofsamt besitzen (Porvoo-Gemeinschaft). Es ist bekannt, dass Papst Johannes Paul II. keine Bischöfinnen empfing. Benedikt XVI. tat das zwar in seltenen Fällen, ohne dass es davon Fotos gibt. Aber Papst Franziskus tauschte bei der ökumenischen Feier am Reformationstag 2016 in Lund mit der schwedischen Erzbischöfin Antje Jackelén den Friedensgruß aus; beide umarmten sich.[6]
In den Gliedkirchen der Evangelischen Kirche in Deutschland besteht ein historisches Bischofsamt nicht. Hier beobachtet Reinhard Frieling das sprachliche Phänomen, dass ein Bischof bzw. eine Bischöfin einer Landeskirche in der öffentlichen Wahrnehmung „mehr“ zu sein scheint als Präsides oder Kirchenpräsidenten anderer Landeskirchen. „In manchen evangelischen Kirchen macht man aus Pröpsten und Kreisdekanen neuerdings ‚Regionalbischöfe‘ … In Deutschland spricht man von einer ‚ersten evangelischen Bischöfin‘, obwohl schon lange vorher ‚Pröpstinnen‘ genau dasselbe episkopale Amt wahrgenommen haben wie eine ‚Bischöfin‘.“[7]
Alphabetische Liste
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Literatur
Bearbeiten- Frederick W. Schmidt: A Still Small Voice. Women, Ordination, and the Church. Syracuse University Press, Syracuse 1996, ISBN 0-8156-2683-5 (englisch).
Einzelnachweise
Bearbeiten- ↑ Vgl. zum Beispiel Maureen Fiedler (Hrsg.): Breaking Through the Stained Glass Ceiling. Seaburg, New York 2010; Sally B. Purvis: The Stained–Glass Ceiling. Churches and their Women Pastors. Westminster John Knox Press, Louisville 1995.
- ↑ Paula D. Nesbitt: Feminization of the Clergy in America: Occupational and Organizational Perspectives. OUP, Oxford/New York 1997, S. 132 (englisch).
- ↑ Vgl. Church to shatter 'stained-glass ceiling' and allow female bishops. In: The Independent 17. November 2014: „The Anglican General Synod is expected to shatter the Church's stained-glass ceiling this morning, when it signs off legislation changing the wording of Canon 33 to read a man or a woman may be consecrated to the office of bishop.“
- ↑ Church of England: Ende Januar wurde Libby Lane zur ersten Bischöfin gewählt. In: Herder Korrespondenz. Band 69, Nr. 3, 2015, S. 146.
- ↑ Zur Weihe von Bischöfinnen in der Anglikanischen Gemeinschaft vgl. Religion Media Centre: Factsheet: Women bishops in the Anglican Communion. In: ReligionMediacCentre.org.uk. 8. Februar 2019 (englisch). Zur Entwicklung in der Episkopalkirche vgl. Mary Frances Schjonberg: Women are joining the House of Bishops at unprecedented rate. In: Episcopal News Service. 1. Juli 2019 (englisch).
- ↑ Jörg Neijenhuis: Ökumenische Gebetsfeier in Lund am Reformationstag 2016. In: Jahrbuch für Liturgik und Hymnologie. Band 56, 2017, S. 49–69, hier S. 62.
- ↑ Reinhard Frieling: Amt (= Bensheimer Hefte. Nr. 99). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2002, S. 230.
- ↑ South Carolina Synod, ELCA: The Rev. Virginia Aebischer is elected bishop of the ELCA South Carolina synod
- ↑ Episcopal Diocese of Oregon: Our Bishop, The Rt. Rev. Diana Akiyama
- ↑ Episcopal Diocese of El Camino Real: Bishop's Page
- ↑ ELCA: Laura Barbins elected bishop of the ELCA Northeastern Ohio Synod
- ↑ ELCA: Tracie Bartholomew re-elected bishop of the ELCA New Jersey Synod
- ↑ Episcopal Diocese of Kansas: About the Bishop, The Rt. Rev. Cathleen Chittenden Bascom
- ↑ Episcopal Diocese of Indianapolis: Bishop Jennifer Baskerville-Burrows
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ Anglican Diocese of Niagara: The Right Reverend Susan Jennifer Anne Bell
- ↑ ELCA: Brenda Bos elected bishop of ELCA Southwest California Synod
- ↑ ELCA: Susan Briner elected bishop of the ELCA Southwestern Texas Synod
- ↑ Cora Jackson-Fossett: L.A. Native Francine Brookins Elected 141st AME Bishop. In: Los Angeles Sentinel, 14. Juli 2021.
- ↑ ELCA: Shelley Bryan Wee elected bishop of the ELCA Northwest Washington Synod
- ↑ Southeastern Pennsylvania Synod: Assembly Re-elects Bishop Burkat
- ↑ ELCA: Laurie Larson Caesar elected bishop of the ELCA Oregon Synod
- ↑ ELCA: Susan Candea elected bishop of the ELCA Central States Synod
- ↑ Council of Bishops, The United Methodist Church: Bishop Minerva Carcaño
- ↑ Mission EineWelt: Hongkong: ELCHK
- ↑ Neue Bischöfin in Hongkong betont: Das Evangelium muss den Mittelpunkt bilden. In: Lutherische Welt-Information 7/2011, S. 5f.
- ↑ Council of Bishops, The United Methodist Church: Bishop Sharon Brown Christopher
- ↑ Profiles in Faith: Paula Clark, First Woman and first African American to lead the Episcopal Diocese of Chicago. In: World Religion News, 28. Juli 2021.
- ↑ ELCA: Barbara Collins elected bishop of Upper Susquehanna Synod
- ↑ www.umnews.org
- ↑ Living Lutheran: Her-stories: Bishop Jessica Crist
- ↑ ELCA: Amy Current elected bishop of ELCA Southeastern Iowa Synod
- ↑ The Episcopal Diocese of Alabama: The Rt. Rev. Glenda S. Curry, Ph.D.
- ↑ The Encyclopedia of Women & Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia: Darling, Barbara
- ↑ The Lutheran World Federation: Bishop Patricia Davenport: Ministry on the front lines
- ↑ ELCA: DeGroot-Nesdahl Re-Elected Bishop of ELCA South Dakota Synod
- ↑ The Episcopal Diocese of Louisiana: Biography of the Rt. Rev. Griselda Delgado del Carpio.
- ↑ Wittenberg University: New Board Chair, Members Named
- ↑ Council of Bishops, The United Methodist Church: Bishop Sally Dyck
- ↑ Council of Bishops, The United Methodist Church: Bishop LaTrelle Easterling
- ↑ ELCA: Anne Edison-Albright elected bishop of the ELCA East Central Synod of Wisconsin
- ↑ Diocese of Bristol: Bishop Viv's biography
- ↑ ELCA, Northern Illinois Synod: Bishop
- ↑ ELCA: Katherine A. Finegan elected bishop of ELCA Northern Great Lakes Synod
- ↑ Council of Bishops, The United Methodist Church: Bishop Violet Fisher
- ↑ Diocese of Chelmsford: Bishop of Chelmsford
- ↑ ELCA: Mary Froiland elected bishop of ELCA South-Central Synod of Wisconsin
- ↑ [2]
- ↑ Anglican Communion News Service: Bishop of Algoma, Anne Germond, metropolitan of internal province of Ontario (23. Oktober 2018)
- ↑ www.moravian.org
- ↑ The Encyclopedia of Women & Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia: Goldsworthy, Kay
- ↑ Bishop Auf der Website der Diocese of British Columbia.
- ↑ ELCA: Constanze Hagmaier elected bishop of the ELCA South Dakota Synod
- ↑ ELCA: Lorna Halaas elected bishop of the ELCA Western Iowa Synod
- ↑ Council of Bishops, The United Methodist Church: Bishop Laurie Haller
- ↑ Council of Bishops, The United Methodist Church: Bishop Cynthia Fierro Harvey
- ↑ ELCA: Regina Hassanally elected bishop of the ELCA Southeastern Minnesota Synod
- ↑ Council of Bishops, The United Methodist Church: Bishop Susan Hassinger
- ↑ Council of Bishops, The United Methodist Church: Bishop Sue Haupert-Johnson
- ↑ Susan B. Haynes consecrated as bishop of Southern Virginia. In: Episcopal News Service, 4. Februar 2020.
- ↑ ELCA: Hendrix Elected Bishop of ELCA Lower Susquehanna Synod
- ↑ African Methodist Episcopal Church: President of the Council of Bishops, Bishop E. Anne Henning-Byfield
- ↑ The Episcopal Diocese of Newark: Hughes, The Rt. Rev. Carlye J.
- ↑ ELCA: Deborah Hutterer elected bishop of the ELCA Grand Canyon Synod
- ↑ https://thecmechurch.org/program-development-office/
- ↑ Council of Bishops, The United Methodist Church: Bishop Peggy Johnson
- ↑ [3]
- ↑ ELCA: Laurie Jungling elected bishop of the ELCA Montana Synod
- ↑ Council of Bishops, The United Methodist Church: Bishop Charlene Kammerer
- ↑ Elizabeth Gillan Muir: Women’s History of the Christian Church: Two Thousand Years of Female Leadership. University of Toronto press, Toronto/Buffalo/London 2019, S. 355.
- ↑ National Women’s Hall of Fame: Leontine T.C. Kelly
- ↑ [4]
- ↑ Anglican Church of Southern Africa: New Bishops elected for Kimberley & Kuruman and Lesotho (19. September 2021)
- ↑ Council of Bishops, The United Methodist Church: Bishop Deborah Kiesey
- ↑ Prabook: Chilton Abbie Richardson Knudsen
- ↑ ELCA: Wilma Kucharek Elected Bishop of ELCA Slovak Zion Synod
- ↑ ELCA: Kristen E.M. Kuempel elected bishop of ELCA Eastern Washington-Idaho Synod
- ↑ Mark Granquist: Lutherans in America: A New History. Fortress, Minneapolis 2015, S. 339.
- ↑ Council of Bishops, The United Methodist Church: Bishop Linda Lee
- ↑ [5]
- ↑ Council of Bishops, The United Methodist Church: Bishop Sharma Lewis
- ↑ ELCA: Patricia Lull reelected bishop of the ELCA Saint Paul Area Synod
- ↑ Methodist Church of SA appoints its first female bishop
- ↑ Methodist Church of SA appoints its first female bishop
- ↑ Council of Bishops, The United Methodist Church: Bishop Tracy Smith Malone
- ↑ The Anglican Church of Canada: Indigenous Spiritual Ministry of Mishamikoweesh
- ↑ ELCA: Margarita Martinez, Bishop of ELCA Caribbean Synod, Dies
- ↑ Leland G. Spencer: Women Bishops and Rhetorics of Shalom: A Whole Peace. Lexington, Lanham u. a. 2017, S. 29.
- ↑ Bishop's Welcome auf der Website der Diocese of Kootenay.
- ↑ Council of Bishops, The United Methodist Church: Bishop Jane Middleton
- ↑ Council of Bishops, The United Methodist Church: Bishop Cynthia Moore-Koikoi
- ↑ ELCA: Tessa Moon Leiseth elected bishop of ELCA Eastern North Dakota Synod
- ↑ Council of Bishops, The United Methodist Church: Bishop Susan Morrison
- ↑ ELCA: Joy Mortensen-Wiebe elected bishop of ELCA South-Central Synod of Wisconsin
- ↑ Marites N. Sison: Bishop Moxley to retire. In: Anglican Journal, 7. Juni 2013.
- ↑ ELCA: Idalia Negrón Caamaño elected bishop of the ELCA Caribbean Synod
- ↑ Council of Bishops, The United Methodist Church: Bishop Joaquina Nhanala
- ↑ ELCA: Amy Odgren elected bishop of the ELCA Northeastern Minnesota Synod
- ↑ Fredrick Nzwili: Anglican Church in Kenya appoints first two women bishops. In: Episcopal News Service, 6. August 2021.
- ↑ Council of Bishops, The United Methodist Church: Bishop Karen Oliveto
- ↑ Canon Emily Awino Onyango becomes first female Anglican bishop in east & central Africa. In: Anglican Communion News Service, 18. Januar 2021.
- ↑ ELCA: Leila Ortiz elected bishop of the ELCA Metropolitan Washington, D.C., Synod
- ↑ Our bishop auf der Website der Diocese of Brandon.
- ↑ [6]
- ↑ ELCA: Margaret Payne re-elected bishop of ELCA New England Synod
- ↑ ELCA: Dee Pederson elected bishop of ELCA Southwestern Minnesota Synod
- ↑ Clara Plamondon Bishop auf der Website des Territory of the People.
- ↑ Council of Bishops, The United Methodist Church: Bishop Sharon Rader
- ↑ [7].
- ↑ ELCA: Paula Schmitt elected bishop of ELCA Allegheny Synod
- ↑ [8]
- ↑ Council of Bishops, The United Methodist Church: Bishop Beverly Shamana
- ↑ Council of Bishops, The United Methodist Church: Bishop Connie Shelton
- ↑ Council of Bishops, The United Methodist Church: Bishop Ann Sherer-Simpson
- ↑ Lutheran Communion in Southern Africa: A Conversation with the First Female Bishop of the ELCSA and the Northern Diocese – Bishop Naledzani Sikhwari
- ↑ Joelle Kidd: Archbishop Melissa Skelton announces retirement, episcopal election. In: Anglican Journal, 5. Mai 2020.
- ↑ ELCA: Laurie Skow-Anderson elected bishop of the ELCA Northwest Synod of Wisconsin
- ↑ [9]
- ↑ Council of Bishops, The United Methodist Church: Bishop Elaine Stanovsky
- ↑ Council of Bishops, The United Methodist Church: Bishop Sandra Steiner Ball
- ↑ ELCA: Ann Svennungsen re-elected bishop of the ELCA Minneapolis Area Synod
- ↑ Council of Bishops, The United Methodist Church: Bishop Mary Virginia Taylor
- ↑ First female Bishop in Japan and South East Asia elected. In: Anglican Communion News Service, 7. Dezember 2021
- ↑ Evangelical Lutheran Church in America: Viviane Thomas-Breitfeld elected bishop of South-Central Synod of Wisconsin
- ↑ evangelisch.de: Emanzipation von den europäischen Wurzeln. US-Lutheraner führen erste afroamerikanische Bischöfin ein (18. August 2018)
- ↑ Megan M. Traquair consecrated as eighth bishop of Northern California. In: Episcopal News Service, 3. Juli 2019.
- ↑ The Church in Wales: Bishop of Monmouth
- ↑ Council of Bishops, The United Methodist Church: Bishop Hope Ward
- ↑ Moravians Elect First Woman Bishop. Los Angeles Times, 22. August 1998, abgerufen am 2. Dezember 2023 (englisch).
- ↑ Interview mit Lesley Wheeler-Dame
- ↑ ELCA: Shelley Wickstrom re-elected bishop of ELCA Alaska Synod