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Beschreibung

Beschreibung
English: Drawing of a horseshoe magnet with precisely computed magnetic field lines. The horseshoe magnet is assumed as a curved cylindrical rod with constant magnetisation along the cylinder axis. North- and southpole of the magnet are marked in red and green, respectively. The shape of the magnetic field is computed as follows: H- and B-field are identical in free space, so we can choose the easier one, which is the H-field. The H-field has its sources and sinks where the lines of the magnetisation end and begin. Thus, the correct field is obtained by placing magnetic charges at the surfaces of the two magnetic poles. The field of a charge disc distribution is obtained by numerical integration. The shape of the field lines is traced with a Runge-Kutta algorithm. The density of field lines corresponds roughly to the field strength, however due to 3D variations of the field, this cannot exactly be fulfilled.
Note that in measured field distributions, e.g. using magnetised iron filings the field shape in the lower part of the image (where the magnet is bent) may somewhat differ. This is because the total field strength is very weak there. Therefore any inhomogeneity in the magnetisation can strongly alter the field direction.
Datum
Quelle Eigenes Werk
Urheber Geek3
SVG‑Erstellung
InfoField
 
Der SVG-Code ist valide.
 
Dieser Plot wurde mit VectorFieldPlot erstellt.
 
Diese Datei verwendet Text-Einbettung.
Dieses Bild wurde unter Berücksichtigung der Leitlinie für Qualitätsbilder bewertet und gilt als Qualitätsbild.

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Quelltext
InfoField

Python code

# paste this code at the end of VectorFieldPlot 3.0
doc = FieldplotDocument('VFPt_horseshoe-magnet', commons=True,
    width=600, height=600)

x0, y0 = 0.0, -1.0
h = 2.0
R = 1.0
r = 0.3

# Note: The H-field of a magnet with constant profile and magnetization
# is exactly equal to the one created by magnetic surface charges
# at the ends of the magnet. In this case the ends are round discs.
field = Field([
    ['charged_disc', {'x0':x0-R-r, 'y0':y0+h, 'x1':x0-R+r, 'y1':y0+h, 'Q':-1}],
    ['charged_disc', {'x0':x0+R-r, 'y0':y0+h, 'x1':x0+R+r, 'y1':y0+h, 'Q':1}] ])

nlines = 24
def startp(t):
    return sc.array([x0 + R - R*cos(t*2*pi), y0 + h + R*sin(t*2*pi)])
startpoints = Startpath(field, startp).npoints(nlines)

for iline, p0 in enumerate(startpoints):
    line = FieldLine(field, p0, directions='both', maxr=1000)
    fe = {'start':True, 'leave_image':False, 'enter_image':False, 'end':True}
    if iline in [0, 1, 2, nlines-1, nlines-2, nlines-3]:
        fe['start'] = fe['end'] = False
    min_arrows = 1
    if iline == nlines - 7:
        min_arrows = 3
    doc.draw_line(line, arrows_style={
                  'dist':2.0, 'fixed_ends':fe, 'min_arrows':min_arrows})

# draw a horseshoe magnet with color gradients
g = doc.draw_object('g', {'id':'horseshoe',
    'transform':'translate({},{})'.format(x0, y0)})
defs = doc.draw_object('defs', {}, group=g)
grad_col = ['#000000', '#ffffff', '#ffffff', '#ffffff', '#000000']
grad_offs = sc.array([0, 0.07, 0.25, 0.6, 1])
grad_opa = sc.array([0.125, 0.125, 0.5, 0.2, 0.33])
grad1 = doc.draw_object('linearGradient', {'id':'grad1', 'x1':'0',
    'x2':'1', 'y1':'0', 'y2':'0', 'gradientUnits':'objectBoundingBox'},
    group=defs)
for col, of, opa in zip(grad_col, grad_offs, grad_opa):
    stop = doc.draw_object('stop', {'stop-color':col, 'offset':of,
        'stop-opacity':opa}, group=grad1)
grad2 = doc.draw_object('radialGradient', {'id':'grad2', 'r':str(R+r),
    'cx':'0', 'cy':'0', 'fx':'0', 'fy':'0',
    'gradientUnits':'userSpaceOnUse'}, group=defs)
for col, of, opa in sorted(zip(grad_col, 1-grad_offs*2.*r/(R+r), grad_opa),
                           key=lambda x: x[1]):
    stop = doc.draw_object('stop', {'stop-color':col, 'offset':of,
        'stop-opacity':opa}, group=grad2)
grad3 = doc.draw_object('radialGradient', {'id':'grad3', 'r':str(R+r),
    'cx':'0', 'cy':'0', 'fx':'0', 'fy':'0',
    'gradientUnits':'userSpaceOnUse'}, group=defs)
for col, of, opa in zip(grad_col, (R-r)/(R+r)+grad_offs*2.*r/(R+r), grad_opa):
    stop = doc.draw_object('stop', {'stop-color':col, 'offset':of,
        'stop-opacity':opa}, group=grad3)
grad4 = doc.draw_object('linearGradient', {'id':'grad4', 'x1':str(-R-r),
    'x2':str(R+r), 'y1':'0', 'y2':'0', 'gradientUnits':'userSpaceOnUse'},
    group=defs)
for col, of, opa in [['#ffffff', '0', '1'], ['#ffffff', str(r/(R+r)), '1'],
        ['#ffffff', str(R/(R+r)), '0'], ['#ffffff', '1', '0']]:
    stop = doc.draw_object('stop', {'stop-color':col, 'offset':of,
        'stop-opacity':opa}, group=grad4)
mask4 = doc.draw_object('mask', {'id':'mask4', 'maskContentUnits':'userSpaceOnUse'}, group=defs)
doc.draw_object('rect', {'x':str(-R-r), 'y':str(-R-r), 'width':str(2*(R+r)),
    'height':str(R+r), 'style':'fill:url(#grad4); stroke:none;'}, group=mask4)
grad5 = doc.draw_object('linearGradient', {'id':'grad5', 'x1':str(-R-r),
    'x2':str(R+r), 'y1':'0', 'y2':'0', 'gradientUnits':'userSpaceOnUse'},
    group=defs)
for col, of, opa in [['#ffffff', '0', '0'], ['#ffffff', str(r/(R+r)), '0'],
        ['#ffffff', str(R/(R+r)), '1'], ['#ffffff', '1', '1']]:
    stop = doc.draw_object('stop', {'stop-color':col, 'offset':of,
        'stop-opacity':opa}, group=grad5)
mask5 = doc.draw_object('mask', {'id':'mask5', 'maskContentUnits':'userSpaceOnUse'}, group=defs)
doc.draw_object('rect', {'x':str(-R-r), 'y':str(-R-r), 'width':str(2*(R+r)),
    'height':str(R+r), 'style':'fill:url(#grad5); stroke:none;'}, group=mask5)

d = ('M {},{} L {},{} L {},{} A {},{} {} {} {} {},{} L {},{} L {},{} ' +
     'L {},{} A {},{} {} {} {} {},{} L {},{} Z').format(-R-r, h,
     -R+r, h, -R+r, 0, R-r, R-r, 0, 0, 1, R-r, 0, R-r, h, R+r, h, R+r, 0,
     R+r, R+r, 0, 0, 0, -R-r, 0, -R-r, h)
doc.draw_object('path', {'d':d, 'style':'fill:#ff0000; ' +
     'stroke:none;'}, group=g)
d = ('M {},{} L {},{} L {},{} A {},{} {} {} {} {},{} ' +
     'L {},{} A {},{} {} {} {} {},{} L {},{} Z').format(-R-r, h,
     -R+r, h, -R+r, 0, R-r, R-r, 0, 0, 1, 0, -R+r, 0, -R-r,
    R+r, R+r, 0, 0, 0, -R-r, 0, -R-r, h)
doc.draw_object('path', {'d':d, 'style':'fill:#00cc00;stroke:none;'},
    group=g)
d = ('M {},{} L {},{} L {},{} L {},{} L {},{} Z').format(-R-r, h,
     -R+r, h, -R+r, 0, -R-r, 0, -R-r, h)
doc.draw_object('path', {'d':d, 'style':'fill:url(#grad1);stroke:none;'},
    group=g)
d = ('M {},{} L {},{} L {},{} L {},{} L {},{} Z').format(R-r, h,
     R+r, h, R+r, 0, R-r, 0, R-r, h)
doc.draw_object('path', {'d':d, 'style':'fill:url(#grad1);stroke:none;'},
    group=g)
d = ('M {},{} L {},{} A {},{} {} {} {} {},{} ' +
     'L {},{} A {},{} {} {} {} {},{} Z').format(-R-r, 0, -R+r, 0,
    R-r, R-r, 0, 0, 1, R-r, 0, R+r, 0, R+r, R+r, 0, 0, 0, -R-r, 0)
doc.draw_object('path', {'d':d, 'style':'fill:url(#grad2);stroke:none;',
    'mask':'url(#mask4)'}, group=g)
d = ('M {},{} L {},{} A {},{} {} {} {} {},{} ' +
    'L {},{} A {},{} {} {} {} {},{} Z').format(-R-r, 0, -R+r, 0,
    R-r, R-r, 0, 0, 1, R-r, 0, R+r, 0, R+r, R+r, 0, 0, 0, -R-r, 0)
doc.draw_object('path', {'d':d, 'style':'fill:url(#grad3);stroke:none;',
    'mask':'url(#mask5)'}, group=g)
d = ('M {},{} L {},{} L {},{} A {},{} {} {} {} {},{} L {},{} L {},{} ' +
    'L {},{} A {},{} {} {} {} {},{} L {},{} Z').format(-R-r, h,
    -R+r, h, -R+r, 0, R-r, R-r, 0, 0, 1, R-r, 0, R-r, h, R+r, h, R+r, 0,
    R+r, R+r, 0, 0, 0, -R-r, 0, -R-r, h)
doc.draw_object('path', {'d':d, 'style':'fill:none; ' +
     'stroke:#000000; stroke-width:0.04;'}, group=g)

text_N = doc.draw_object('text', {'text-anchor':'middle', 'x':'0', 'y':'0',
    'transform':'translate({},{}) scale({},{})'.format(R, h-0.6, 0.04, -0.04),
    'style':'fill:#000000; stroke:none; ' +
    'font-size:12px; font-family:Bitstream Vera Sans;'}, group=g)
text_N.text = 'N'
text_S = doc.draw_object('text', {'text-anchor':'middle', 'x':'0', 'y':'0',
    'transform':'translate({},{}) scale({},{})'.format(-R, h-0.6, 0.04, -0.04),
    'style':'fill:#000000; stroke:none; ' +
    'font-size:12px; font-family:Bitstream Vera Sans;'}, group=g)
text_S.text = 'S'

doc.write()

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Ich, der Urheber dieses Werkes, veröffentliche es unter der folgenden Lizenz:
w:de:Creative Commons
Namensnennung Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen
Dieses Werk darf von dir
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  • Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen – Wenn du das Material wiedermischst, transformierst oder darauf aufbaust, musst du deine Beiträge unter der gleichen oder einer kompatiblen Lizenz wie das Original verbreiten.

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Version vomVorschaubildMaßeBenutzerKommentar
aktuell19:03, 7. Jul. 2018Vorschaubild der Version vom 19:03, 7. Jul. 2018600 × 600 (40 KB)Geek3User created page with UploadWizard

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