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| Aktuelle Version | 0.8.7.4[1] (17. September 2014) |
| Betriebssystem | Windows, Linux, Mac OS X |
| Programmiersprache | C++ |
| Kategorie | elektronisches Geld |
| Lizenz | MIT-Lizenz |
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Ethereum is a decentralized Web 3.0 publishing platform featuring stateful user-created digital contracts and a Turing-complete contract programming language. Ethereum uses its underlying network unit, Ether, as payment to execute Ethereum contracts as a workaround to the Halting Problem. In this respect, Ethereum is unlike most cryptocurrencies, as it is not solely a network for transacting monetary value, rather, it is a network for powering Ethereum-based contracts. These open-ended contracts can be used to securely execute a wide variety of services including: voting systems, domain name registries, financial exchanges, crowdfunding platforms, company governance, self-enforcing contracts and agreements, intellectual property, smart property, and distributed autonomous organizations. The platform was initially described by Vitalik Buterin in late 2013,[2] formally described by Gavin Wood in early 2014 in the so-called Yellow Paper[3] and will be released in early 2015. It is among a group of "next generation" (or "Bitcoin 2.0") platforms.[4]
Background
BearbeitenThe stated purpose of the Ethereum project is to "decentralize the web" by introducing four components as part of its Web 3.0 roadmap: static content publication, dynamic messages, trustless transactions and an integrated user-interface. These are each designed to replace some aspect of the Web experience we currently take for granted, but to do so in a fully decentralised and pseudonymous manner.[5][6]
The basic unit of the internal currency is called ether, which is divided into smaller units of currency called finney, szabo, shannon, babbage, lovelace, and wei.[7] Each larger unit is equal to 1000 of the next lower unit, so 1000 finney is 1 ether, 1000 szabo is 1 finney, and so on.[7]
Development
BearbeitenThe Development of Ethereum began in December 2013, with the first Go and C++ proof of concept builds (PoC1) being released in early February 2014.[8] Since then, several further PoC builds have been released, with PoC4 introducing the smart contract to higher level languages - Serpent (Python inspired), Mutan (Go inspired) and LLL (Lisp inspired).[9]
In order to finance further development, Ethereum distributed the initial allocation of its internal network unit, ether, via a public sale. The sale lasted for 42 days, and resulted in the Ethereum project receiving 31,591 BTC of revenue.[10]
PoC5, was released via GitHub on July 22, 2014 to coincide with the launch of the Ether pre sale, and included many changes from previous PoCs.[11] It was the first time that two clients, one written in C++ and one in Go, perfectly inter-operated with each other whilst processing on the same blockchain. In August 2014, the Python client was also added to the list, and now a Java version is close to completion.[12]
PoC7 saw the introduction of the Solidity, a hybrid Javascript/C++ like language with a number of syntactic additions to make it suitable for writing contracts within Ethereum.[13] Block times were reduced from 60 seconds to 12 seconds. This was done using a new GHOST-based protocol that expands upon previous efforts at reducing the block time to 60 seconds.[14]
Currently, Ethereum is in the process of using an initial quantity of funds (generated through the Ether Sale) that have already been withdrawn from the Ethereum exodus address to expand its operations. Eth Dev (the entity responsible for delivering Ethereum 1.0) development teams based in Berlin, Amsterdam and London are focusing on the implementation and completion of PoC8, the next version in the series. PoC8 will see the inception of both an internal and a massive external security audit with established software security firms, academics, blockchain research firms and companies interested in utilising Ethereum all taking part.[15] A bug bounty program aimed at the community has also been implemented.[16]
Ethereum is an open source project, with anyone being able to contribute to the existing proof-of-concept codebases.[17]
Reception
BearbeitenThe platform has received attention in Wired,[18][19] The Globe and Mail,[20] SiliconANGLE,[21] Yahoo News,[22] Medium.com[23] Al Jazeera,[24] Forbes,[25] The Telegraph[26] and the Keiser Report.[27]
Primavera De Filippi, a postdoctoral researcher at the CERSA / CNRS / Panthéon-Assas University, spoke on the legal implications of Ethereum at Harvard on 15 April 2014.[28] University of Toronto doctoral student Quinn DuPont discusses the shift from Bitcoin to Ethereum (as part of a broader shift to ubiquitous cryptography) in a public lecture at Dalhousie University on October 2, 2014.[29] Steve Randy Waldman described it as a tool that can be used for 'engineering distributed economic security'.[30]
Einzelnachweise
Bearbeiten- ↑ Litecoin 0.8.7.4 Release Notes. Litecoin Blog, abgerufen am 29. September 2014.
- ↑ Vitalik Buterin: Ethereum: A Next-Generation Cryptocurrency and Decentralized Application Platform. In: Bitcoin Magazine. 23. Januar 2014, abgerufen am 9. April 2014.
- ↑ Gavin Wood: Ethereum: A Secure Decentralised Generalised Transaction Ledger. In: Self published. 6. April 2014, abgerufen am 20. Februar 2015.
- ↑ Olga Kharif: Bitcoin 2.0 Shows Technology Evolving Beyond Use as Money. In: Bloomberg News. 28. März 2014, abgerufen am 11. April 2014.
- ↑ Gavin Wood: ÐApps: What Web 3.0 Looks Like. In: Insights into a Modern World. 17. April 2014, abgerufen am 25. August 2014. (Seite nicht mehr abrufbar, festgestellt im Oktober 2014.)
- ↑ Tristan Winters: Web 3.0 – A Chat With Ethereum’s Gavin Wood. 25. April 2014, abgerufen im Januar 2015.
- ↑ a b Referenzfehler: Ungültiges
<ref>-Tag; kein Text angegeben für Einzelnachweis mit dem Namen whitepaper. - ↑ Stephan Tual: C++ Code+Build FAQ. Ethereum, abgerufen am 3. September 2014.
- ↑ Stephan Tual: Writing Smart Contracts FAQ. Ethereum Forum, abgerufen am 3. August 2014.
- ↑ Vitalik Buterin: Ethereum was second largest crowdsale in history? Reddit, abgerufen am 8. September 2014.
- ↑ Vitalik Buterin: Launching the Ether Sale. Ethereum Blog, abgerufen am 3. September 2014.
- ↑ Vitalik Buterin: State of Ethereum: August Edition. Ethereum Blog, abgerufen am 3. September 2014.
- ↑ Gavin Wood: CPP Ethereum Home. GitHub, abgerufen am 8. Dezember 2014.
- ↑ Vitalik Buterin: Toward a 12-second Block Time. Ethereum Blog, abgerufen am 3. September 2014.
- ↑ George Hallam: ÐΞVcon-0 Recap. Ethereum, abgerufen am 19. Dezember 2014.
- ↑ Ethereum Bounty Program. Ethereum, abgerufen am 21. Februar 2015.
- ↑ Gavin Wood: CPP Ethereum Home. GitHub, abgerufen am 3. September 2014. Jeffrey Wilcke: Go Ethereum Home. GitHub, abgerufen am 1. September 2014.
- ↑ Geek's Guide to the Galaxy: A Futurist on Why Lawyers Will Start Becoming Obsolete This Year In: Wired, 28. März 2014. Abgerufen im 6 April 2014
- ↑ Kurt Finley: Out in the Open: Teenage Hacker Transforms Web Into One Giant Bitcoin Network In: Wired, 27. Januar 2014. Abgerufen im 6 April 2014
- ↑ Jeff Gray: Bitcoin believers: Why digital currency backers are keeping the faith In: The Globe and Mail, Phillip Crawley, 7. April 2014. Abgerufen im 6 April 2014
- ↑ Ryan Cox: Can Ethereum kill Bitcoin with self-executing contracts? In: SiliconANGLE. Abgerufen am 6. April 2014.
- ↑ (January 29, 2014)Ethereum Listens to Community, Releasing Testnet Prior to Raising. Yahoo Finance. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
- ↑ Ethereum: A Social Operating System. Stephan Tual. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
- ↑ Nathan Schneider (7 April 2014). Code your own utopia: Meet Ethereum, bitcoin’s most ambitious successor. Al Jazeera America. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
- ↑ Kashmir Hill (8 April 2014). Beyond Bitcoin: Crypto-Ownership Companies Hope You're Ready To Decentralize Everything On The Internet. Forbes.com. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
- ↑ Soon, the internet will be impossible to control. Jamie Bartlett. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
- ↑ Keiser Report: New Crypto Phenomenon Ethereum. Max Keiser. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
- ↑ Primavera di Filippi: Ethereum: Freenet or Skynet ? In: Berkman Center for Internet & Society. Harvard University, abgerufen am 10. April 2014.
- ↑ Quinn DuPont: A Rational Economy? From Bitcoin to Ubiquitous Cryptography. In: IM Public Lecture. Dalhousie University, abgerufen am 29. September 2014.
- ↑ Steve Randy Waldman: Engineering Economic Security. YouTube, abgerufen am 27. Juli 2014.