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Ethinylestradiol/norethisterone (EE/NET), or ethinylestradiol/norethindrone, is a combination birth control pill which contains ethinylestradiol (EE), an estrogen and norethisterone (NET), a progestin.[1] It is used for birth control, symptoms of menstruation, endometriosis, and menopausal symptoms.[1][2] Other uses include acne.[1] It is taken by mouth.[1] Some preparations of EE/NET additionally contain an iron supplement in the form of ferrous fumarate.[3]
Side effects can include nausea, headache, blood clots, breast pain, depression, and liver problems.[2] Use is not recommended during pregnancy, the initial three weeks after childbirth, and in those at high risk of blood clots.[2][4] It, however, may be started immediately after a miscarriage or abortion.[4] Smoking while using combined birth control pills is not recommended.[5] It works by stopping ovulation, making the uterus not suitable for implantation, and making the mucus at the opening to the cervix thick.[4]
This combination pill was approved for medical use in the United States in 1964.[6] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[7] It is available as a generic medication.[8] It is marketed under a large number of brand names.[9] In 2022, the combination of ethinylestradiol with norethisterone or with norethisterone acetate was the 80th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 8Vorlage:Nbspmillion prescriptions.[10][11]
See also
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BearbeitenVorlage:Birth control methods Vorlage:Hormonal contraceptives Vorlage:Estrogen receptor modulators Vorlage:Progesterone receptor modulators Vorlage:Portal bar
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ethinylestradiol Norethisterone}} [[Category:Combined oral contraceptives]] [[Category:World Health Organization essential medicines]] [[Category:Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate]]
- ↑ a b c d Ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone (HRT) medical facts from Drugs.com. In: www.drugs.com. Abgerufen am 23. Dezember 2016.
- ↑ a b c ((World Health Organization)): WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization, 2009, ISBN 978-92-4154765-9, S. 365.
- ↑ Richard J. Hamilton: Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2020 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2020, ISBN 978-1-284-40304-6, S. 347– (google.com).
- ↑ a b c Brevinor Tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) - (eMC). In: www.medicines.org.uk. Abgerufen am 23. Dezember 2016.
- ↑ Estrogen-Progestin Combinations. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, abgerufen am 8. Dezember 2016.
- ↑ Melissa Haussman: Reproductive Rights and the State: Getting the Birth Control, RU-486, Morning-after Pills and the Gardasil Vaccine to the U.S. Market. ABC-CLIO, 2013, ISBN 978-0-313-39822-3, S. 72 (englisch, google.com).
- ↑ ((World Health Organization)): World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. World Health Organization, Geneva 2019, WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- ↑ Richart Hamilton: Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2015, ISBN 978-1-284-05756-0, S. 353.
- ↑ Alyacen 1/35 (birth control) medical facts from Drugs.com. In: www.drugs.com.
- ↑ The Top 300 of 2022. In: ClinCalc. Abgerufen am 30. August 2024.
- ↑ Ethinyl Estradiol; Norethindrone Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2022. In: ClinCalc. Abgerufen am 30. August 2024.