Benutzer:Dietzel/BioGeo

Arbeitsliste Biogeographie

Zonale Vegetation

Ökozone	Polare Zone	Subpolare Zone	Boreale Zone	Nemorale Zone	Kontinentale Zone	Mediterrane Zone	Laurale Zone	Trockene Tropen	Wechselfeuchte Tropen	Immerfeuchte Tropen
Zonale Vegetation	Kältewüste	Tundra	Borealer Wald, Moor	Laubwald, Gemäßigter Regenwald	Steppe, Gemäßigte Wüste	Hartlaubvegetation, Macchie, Winterfeuchte Steppe	Lorbeerwald	Wüste	Trockenwald, Savanne	Tropischer Regenwald
Ökoton		Waldtundra
			Mischwald
Klimazone	Polargebiet	Subpolare Zone	Gemäßigte Zone			Subtropen		Tropen

Holdrige life zones

Holdrige life zone en:	Polar desert	Subpolar dry tundra Subpolar moist tundra Subpolar wet tundra Subpolar rain tundra	Boreal desert Boreal dry scrub Boreal moist forest Boreal wet forest Boreal rain forest	Cool temperate desert Cool temperate desert scrub Cool temperate steppe Cool temperate moist forest Cool temperate wet forest Cool temperate rain forest	Warm temperate desert Warm temperate desert scrub Warm temperate thorn scrub Warm temperate dry forest Warm temperate moist forest Warm temperate wet forest Warm temperate rain forest	Subtropical desert Subtropical desert scrub Subtropical thorn woodland Subtropical dry forest Subtropical moist forest Subtropical wet forest Subtropical rain forest	Tropical desert Tropical desert scrub Tropical thorn woodland Tropical very dry forest Tropical dry forest Tropical moist forest Tropical wet forest Tropical rain forest

Floristische Regionen

Florenreich

Holarktis

Paläotropis

Neotropis

Capensis

Australis

Antarktis

floristische Region (Takhtajan)

zirkumboreale

ostasiatische

atlantisches Nord-Amerika

Rocky Mountains

Macaronesien

Mittelmeer

Saharo-Arabische

Irano-Turanische

Madrische

Guinea-Kongo

Usambara-Zululand

Sudano-sambesische

Karoo-Namib

St. Helena & Ascension

Madagaskar

Indien

Indochina

Malesien

Fidschi

Polynesien

Hawaii

Neukaledonien

Karibische

Hochland von Guyana

Amazonas

Brasilien

Anden

Kap

Nordost

Südwest

Zentral

Fernandez

Chile-Patagonische

Subantarktische Inseln

Neuseeländische

floristische Provinz (Takhtajan)

Arctic Atlantic Europe Central Europe Illyria or Balkan Pontus Euxinus Caucasus Eastern Europe Northern Europe Western Siberia Altai-Sayan Central Siberia Transbaikalia Northeastern Siberia Okhotsk-Kamchatka Canada incl. Great Lakes

Manchuria Sakhalin-Hokkaidō Japan-Korea Volcano-Bonin Ryūkyū or Tokara-Okinawa Taiwan Northern China Central China Southeastern China Sikang-Yuennan Northern Burma Eastern Himalaya Khasi-Manipur

Appalachians Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain North American Prairies

Vancouver Rocky Mountains

Azores Madeira Canaries Cape Verde

Southern Morocco Southwestern Mediterranean South Mediterranean Iberia Baleares Liguria-Tyrrhenia Adriatic East Mediterranean Crimea-Novorossijsk

Sahara Egypt-Arabia

Mesopotamia Central Anatolia Armenia-Iran Hyrcania Turania or Aralo-Caspia Turkestan Northern Baluchistan Western Himalaya Central Tien Shan Dzungaria-Tien Shan Mongolia Tibet

Great Basin California Sonora Mexican Highlands

Upper Guinea Nigeria-Cameroon Congo

Zanzibar-Inhambane Tongoland-Pondoland

Zambezi Sahel Sudan Somalia-Ethiopia South Arabia Socotra Oman South Iran Sindia

Namibia Namaland Western Cape Karoo

St. Helena und Ascension

Eastern Madagascar Western Madagascar Southern and Southwestern Madagascar Comoro Mascarenes Seychelles

Ceylon (Sri Lanka) Malabar Deccan Upper Gangetic Plain Bengal

South Burma Andamans South China Thailand North Indochina Annam South Indochina

Malaya Borneo Philippines Sumatra South Malesia Celebes Moluccas and West New Guinea Papua Bismarck Archipelago

New Hebrides Fiji

Micronesia Polynesia

Hawaii

New Caledonia

Central America West Indies Galápagos Islands

Guayana

Amazonia Llanos

Caatinga Central Brazilian Uplands Chaco Atlantic Brazil Parana

Northern Andes Central Andes

Kap

North Australia Queensland Southeast Australia Tasmania

Southwest Australia

Eremaea

Juan Fernández

Northern Chile Central Chile Pampas Patagonia Tierra del Fuego

Tristan-Gough Kerguelen

Lord Howe Norfolk Kermadec Northern New Zealand Central New Zealand Southern New Zealand Chatham New Zealand Subantarctic Islands

Ökologische Regionen

WWF Udvardy Biogeografisches Reich -> Ökozone / Biom v		Nearktis	Paläarktis	Afrotropis	Orientalis	Neotropis	Australasien	Ozeanisches Florenreich	Antarktis
Polare Zone	Tundra	Aleuten, Tundra Alaskas, Kanadische Tundra, Arktische Inseln, Tundra Grönlands, Arktische Wüste	Arktische Wüste, Nördliche Tundra, Südliche Tundra				Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra Tundra der subantarktischen Antipoden		Maudlandia Maudlandia Antarctic tundra Ostantarktische Tundra Marielandia Marielandia Antarctic tundra Westantarktische Tundra Insulantarctica Scotia Sea Islands tundra Tundra der Inseln der Schottischen See Southern Indian Ocean Islands tundra Tundra der Inseln des Südpazifik
Boreale Zone	Boreale Wälder	Yukon-Taiga, Kanadische Taiga	Westliche Eurasische Taiga, Östliche Sibirische Taiga
Nemorale Zone	Gemäßigte Laubwälder	Östliche Wälder, Austroriparisch	Island, Subarktischer Birkenwald, Laubwälder Kamtschatkas, Laubwälder der Britischen Inseln, Westeuropäischer Wald (atlantisch), Boreonemoraler Wald (Baltikum), Mitteleuropäischer Wald, Pannonien, Westanatolien, Manchu-Japanischer Mischwald, Orientalischer laubabwerfender Wald		Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests Northern Triangle temperate forests Western Himalayan broadleaf forests	Valdivianischer Regenwald, Chilenischer Nothofagus-Wald, Chilenischer Araucaria-Wald	Tasmanischer Regenwald Tasmanian Central Highland forests Wälder des tasmanischen Hochlands Tasmanian temperate forests Gemäßigte Wälder Tasmaniens Tasmanian temperate rain forests Gemäßigte Regenwälder Tasmaniens Chatham Island temperate forests Gemäßigte Wälder der Chatham-Inseln Eastern Australian temperate forests Gemäßigte Wälder Ostaustraliens Fiordland temperate forests Gemäßigte Wälder Fiordlands (Neuseeland) Nelson Coast temperate forests Gemäßigte Wälder der Nelson-Küste Neuseelands Northland temperate forests Gemäßigte Wälder der Nordinsel Neuseelands Northland temperate kauri forests Gemäßigte Kauri-Wälder der Nordinsel Neuseelands Rakiura Island temperate forests Gemäßigte Wälder Rakiuras (Stewart Island) Richmond temperate forests Gemäßigte Wälder um Richmond (Neuseeland) Southeast Australia temperate forests Gemäßigte Wälder Südostaustraliens Southland temperate forests Gemäßigte Wälder der Südinsel Neuseelands Westland temperate forests Gemäßigte Wälder Westlands (Neuseeland)		Neozealandia
	Gemäßigte Nadelwälder	Sitka, Oregon			Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests
Kontinentale Zone	Steppe	Great Basin, Grasland	Turanische (Kasachische) Wüste / Strauchsteppe, Talka-Makan-Gobi-Wüste, Tibetanische Wüste, Iranische Wüste, Atlas-Steppe, Pontische Steppe, Mongolisch-Mandschurische Steppe	Al Hajar Al Gharbi montane woodlands Amsterdam and Saint-Paul Islands temperate grasslands Tristan Da Cunha-Gough Islands shrub and grasslands		Patagonien, Argentinische Pampa, Pampa Uruguays	Australian Alps montane grasslands Central Range sub-alpine grasslands Southland montane grasslands
Mediterrane Zone	Hartlaubvegetation, Macchie	Kalifornien	Iberischees Hochland, Mittelmeer-Sklerophyll	Kap-Sklerophyll Albany thickets Lowland fynbos and renosterveld Montane fynbos and renosterveld		Chilenischer Sklerophyll	Westaustralischer Sklerophyll Ostaustralischer Sklerophyll Brigalow Coolgardie woodlands Esperance mallee Eyre and York mallee Jarrah-Karri forest and shrublands Mount Lofty woodlands Murray-Darling woodlands and mallee Naracoorte woodlands Southwest Australia savanna Southwest Australia woodlands Swan Coastal Plain scrub and woodlands
Laurale Zone	Tropische und Subtropische feuchte Laubwälder		Chinesischer subtropischer Wald, Japanischer immergrüner Wald			Brasilianischer laubabwerfender Regenwald, Brasilianischer Araucaria-Wald
Trockene Tropen	Wüste und Trockenbusch	Sonora-Wüste, Chihuahua-Wüste, Tamaulipas-Wüste	Sahara, Arabische Wüste, Anatolisch-Iranische Wüste	Westliche Sahel Östliche Sahel Somalische Wüste Namib Kalahari Karroo Aldabra Island xeric scrub Arabian Peninsula coastal fog desert East Saharan montane xeric woodlands Eritrean coastal desert Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands Gulf of Oman desert and semi-desert Hobyo grasslands and shrublands Ile Europa and Bassas da India xeric scrub Kalahari xeric savanna Kaokoveld desert Madagascar spiny thickets Madagascar succulent woodlands Masai xeric grasslands and shrublands Nama Karoo Namib desert Namibian savanna woodlands Red Sea coastal desert Socotra Island xeric shrublands Somali montane xeric woodlands Southwestern Arabian foothills savanna Southwestern Arabian montane woodlands Succulent Karoo	Wüste Thar Deccan thorn scrub forests Indus Valley desert Northwestern thorn scrub forests Thar desert	Pazifische Wüsten (Peru und Atacama), Monte (Argentinien)	Westlicher Mulga Zentralwüste Südlicher Mulga Carnarvon xeric shrublands Central Ranges xeric scrub Gibson desert Great Sandy-Tanami desert Great Victoria desert Nullarbor Plains xeric shrublands Pilbara shrublands Simpson desert Tirari-Stuart stony desert Western Australian Mulga shrublands
Wechselfeuchte Tropen	Tropische und Subtropische trockene Laubwälder			Trockenwald und Savanne Westafrikas Trockenwald und Savanne Ostafrikas Trockenwald und Savanne des Kongobeckens Miombo-Wald Trockenwald und Savanne Südafrikas Madegassischer Dornwald Cape Verde Islands dry forests Madagascar dry deciduous forests Zambezian Cryptosepalum dry forests	Indus-Ganges-Monsunwald Burmesischer Monsunwald Thailändischer Monsunwald Mahanadian Coromandel Ceylonesischer Monsunwald Deccan-Dornwald Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests Central Indochina dry forests Chhota-Nagpur dry deciduous forests East Deccan dry-evergreen forests Irrawaddy dry forests Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests Northern dry deciduous forests South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests Southeastern Indochina dry evergreen forests Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests Sri Lanka dry-zone dry evergreen forests	Everglades, Trockenwald von Sinaloa, Trockenwald von Guerrero, Trockenwald Yucatans, Zentralamerikanischer Trockenwald, Venezolanischer Trockenwald, Venezolan laubabwerfender Wald, Ecuadorianischer Trockenwald, Caatinga, Gran Chaco	Trockenwald der australischen Nordküste Lesser Sundas deciduous forests New Caledonia dry forests Sumba deciduous forests Timor and Wetar deciduous forests
	Savanne, Trockenbusch, Grasland			Madagaskar-Dornbusch Angolan Miombo woodlands Angolan Mopane woodlands Ascension scrub and grasslands Central Zambezian Miombo woodlands East Sudanian savanna Eastern Miombo woodlands Guinean forest-savanna mosaic Itigi-Sumbu thicket Kalahari Acacia-Baikiaea woodlands Mandara Plateau mosaic Northern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets Northern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic Sahelian Acacia savanna Serengeti volcanic grasslands Somali Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets Southern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets Southern Africa bushveld Southern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic Southern Miombo woodlands St. Helena scrub and woodlands Victoria Basin forest-savanna mosaic West Sudanian savanna Western Congolian forest-savanna mosaic Western Zambezian grasslands Zambezian and Mopane woodlands Zambezian Baikiaea woodlands	Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands	Llanos, Campos Limpos, Babacu, Campos Cerrados	Savanne Nordaustraliens Grasland Nordaustraliens Grasland und Savanne Ostaustraliens Arnhem Land tropical savanna Brigalow tropical savanna Cape York tropical savanna Carpentaria tropical savanna Einasleigh upland savanna Kimberly tropical savanna Mitchell grass downs Trans Fly savanna and grasslands Victoria Plains tropical savanna
	Tropische und Subtropische Nadelwälder				Himalayan subtropical pine forests Luzon tropical pine forests Northeast India-Myanmar pine forests Sumatran tropical pine forests
	Überflutete Savanne			East African halophytics Etosha Pan halophytics Inner Niger Delta flooded savanna Lake Chad flooded savanna Saharan flooded grasslands Zambezian coastal flooded savanna Zambezian flooded grasslands Zambezian halophytics	Rann of Kutch seasonal salt marsh
Immerfeuchte Tropen	Tropische und Subtropische feuchte Laubwälder			Guinea-Regenwald Kongo-Regenwald Madagaskar-Regenwald Albertine Rift montane forests Atlantic Equatorial coastal forests Cameroonian Highlands forests Central Congolian lowland forests Comoros forests Cross-Niger transition forests Cross-Sanaga-Bioko coastal forests East African montane forests Eastern Arc forests Eastern Congolian swamp forests Eastern Guinean forests Ethiopian montane forests Granitic Seychelles forests Guinean montane forests Knysna-Amatole montane forests KwaZulu-Cape coastal forest mosaic Madagascar lowland forests Madagascar subhumid forests Maputaland coastal forest mosaic Mascarene forests Mount Cameroon and Bioko montane forests Niger Delta swamp forests Nigerian lowland forests Northeastern Congolian lowland forests Northern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic Northwestern Congolian lowland forests Sao Tome and Principe moist lowland forests Southern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic Western Congolian swamp forests Western Guinean lowland forests	Malabar-Regenwald Ceylonesischer Regenwald Bengalischer Regenwald Burmesischer Regenwald Indochinesischer Regenwald Südchinesischer Regenwald Malaysischer Regenwald Andaman Islands rain forests Borneo lowland rain forests Borneo montane rain forests Borneo peat swamp forests Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests Cardamom Mountains rain forests Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests Chao Phraya lowland moist deciduous forests Chin Hills-Arakan Yoma montane forests Christmas and Cocos Islands tropical forests Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests Eastern Java-Bali montane rain forests Eastern Java-Bali rain forests Greater Negros-Panay rain forests Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests Irrawaddy freshwater swamp forests Irrawaddy moist deciduous forests Jian Nan subtropical evergreen forests Kayah-Karen montane rain forests Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests Luang Prabang montane rain forests Luzon montane rain forests Luzon rain forests Malabar Coast moist forests Maldives-Lakshadweep-Chagos Archipelago tropical moist forests Meghalaya subtropical forests Mentawai Islands rain forests Mindanao montane rain forests Mindanao-Eastern Visayas rain forests Mindoro rain forests Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests Myanmar coastal rain forests Nicobar Islands rain forests North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests North Western Ghats montane rain forests Northern Annamites rain forests Northern Indochina subtropical forests Northern Khorat Plateau moist deciduous forests Northern Thailand-Laos moist deciduous forests Northern Triangle subtropical forests Northern Vietnam lowland rain forests Orissa semi-evergreen forests Palawan rain forests Peninsular Malaysian montane rain forests Peninsular Malaysian peat swamp forests Peninsular Malaysian rain forests Red River freshwater swamp forests South China Sea Islands South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests South Western Ghats montane rain forests Southern Annamites montane rain forests Southwest Borneo freshwater swamp forests Sri Lanka lowland rain forests Sri Lanka montane rain forests Sulu Archipelago rain forests Sumatran freshwater swamp forests Sumatran lowland rain forests Sumatran montane rain forests Sumatran peat swamp forests Sundaland heath forests Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests Tenasserim-South Thailand semi-evergreen rain forests Tonle Sap freshwater swamp forests Tonle Sap-Mekong peat swamp forests Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests Western Java montane rain forests Western Java rain forests Hainan Island monsoon rain forests Nansei Islands subtropical evergreen forests South Taiwan monsoon rain forests Taiwan subtropical evergreen forests	Campeche-Regenwald, Panamanischer Regenwald, Kolumbischer Küsten-Regenwald, Regenwald Guayanas, Amazonischer Regenwald, Madeirischer Regenwald, Regenwald der Serra do Mar	Queensland-Küsten-Regenwald Admiralty Islands lowland rain forests Banda Sea Islands moist deciduous forests Biak-Numfoor rain forests Buru rain forests Central Range montane rain forests Halmahera rain forests Huon Peninsula montane rain forests Yapen rain forests Lord Howe Island subtropical forests Louisiade Archipelago rain forests New Britain-New Ireland lowland rain forests New Britain-New Ireland montane rain forests New Caledonia rain forests Norfolk Island subtropical forests Northern New Guinea lowland rain and freshwater swamp forests Northern New Guinea montane rain forests Queensland tropical rain forests Seram rain forests Solomon Islands rain forests Southeastern Papuan rain forests Southern New Guinea freshwater swamp forests Southern New Guinea lowland rain forests Sulawesi lowland rain forests Sulawesi montane rain forests Trobriand Islands rain forests Vanuatu rain forests Vogelkop montane rain forests Vogelkop-Aru lowland rain forests
Gras- und Gebüschformationen der Hochlagen Mixed mountain and highland systems with complex zonation		Rocky Mountains, Sierra-Cascade, Madrean-Cordilleran	Schottisches Hochland, Zentraleuropäisches Hochland, Balkan-Hochland, Kaukasisch-Iranisches Hochland, Altai, Pamir-Tien Shan, Hindukush, Himalaya, Setschuan-Hochland	Äthiopisches Hochland Guinea-Hochland Zentralafrikanische Hochländer Ostafrikanische Hochländer Südafrikanische Hochländer Angolan montane forest-grassland mosaic Angolan scarp savanna and woodlands Drakensberg alti-montane grasslands and woodlands Drakensberg montane grasslands, woodlands and forests East African montane moorlands Eastern Zimbabwe montane forest-grassland mosaic Ethiopian montane grasslands and woodlands Ethiopian montane moorlands Highveld grasslands Jos Plateau forest-grassland mosaic Madagascar ericoid thickets Maputaland-Pondoland bushland and thickets Ruwenzori-Virunga montane moorlands South Malawi montane forest-grassland mosaic Southern Rift montane forest-grassland mosaic	Kinabalu montane alpine meadows	Nördliche Anden, Kolumbianische Gebirge, Yungas (andiner Nebelwald), Puna, Südliche Anden	Cantebury-Otago tussock grasslands Eastern Australia mulga shrublands Southeast Australia temperate savanna
Mangrove				Central African mangroves East African mangroves Guinean mangroves Madagascar mangroves Southern Africa mangroves	Goadavari-Krishna mangroves Indochina mangroves Indus River Delta-Arabian Sea mangroves Myanmar Coast mangroves Sunda Shelf mangroves Sundarbans mangroves		New Guinea mangroves
Inseln			Makaronesien, Ryukyu-Inseln	Ascension und St Helena, Komoren und Aldabra, Maskarenen	Seychellen und Amirantes-Insen, Laccadiven, Malediven und Chagos-Inseln, Cocos-Keeling- und Weihnachtsinseln, Andamanen und Nicobaren, Sumatra, Java, Kleine Sunda-Inseln, Celebes, Borneo, Philippinen, Taiwan	Bahamas-Bermudas, Cuba, Große Antillen, Kleine Antillen, Revilla Gigedo Island, Cocos Island, Galapagos, Fernando de Noronja Island, South Trindade Island		Papua, Mikronesien, Hawaii, Südöstliches Polynesien, Zentrales Polynesien, Neu Kaledonien, Östliches Melanesien
Seen		Great Lakes	Ladoga-See, Aral-See, Baikal-See	Rudolf-See, Victoria-See, Tanganjika-See, Malawi-See		Titicaca-See

Nordamerika

• R. Knapp: Die Vegetation von Nord- und Mittelamerika.
• Küchler - Dorman Sellers 1989 - doi:10.1590/S0001-37652008000200017
• Robert Bailey, U.S. Forest Service,
• James Omernik, CEC [3], EPA [4]
• [5]
• [6]
• doi:10.1007/s00267-003-7200-3

• Society of American Foresters: Forest cover types of the United States and Canada
• FRES