Benutzer:Dirk123456/Baustellenbaustelle 001/Baustelle-4/Baustelle 4.8
Achtung! Dies ist eine Seite eines Benutzers; eher eine Art Baustelle, aber kein Artikel in der Enzyklopädie.
--
Zuvor, Grundlagen
BearbeitenEinzeln
Bearbeiten/262 – 14/ Rachel L. Graham & Ralph S. Baric 2010-04-01
Bearbeiten2010-04
Bearbeiten- Publikation: /262 – 14/ {↓↑→} Rachel L. Graham & Ralph S. Baric 2010-04-01 „Recombination, Reservoirs... Spike... Cross-Species Transmission“. | Journal of Virology |
--
Schuppentiere
BearbeitenEinzeln
Bearbeiten/256 – 7/ Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam et al. 2020-03-26
Bearbeiten2017-08
Bearbeiten- Probennahme: in /256 – 7/ {↓↑→} Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam et al. 2020-03-26
- >>Main<< -|- >>We received frozen tissue samples (lungs, intestine and blood) collected from 18 Malayan pangolins (Manis javanica) during August 2017–January 2018.<<
- >>Sample collection, viral detection and sequencing of pangolins in Guangxi<< -|- >>We received frozen tissue samples of 18 pangolins (M. javanica) from Guangxi Medical University, China, that were collected between August 2017 – January 2018.<<
2018-01
Bearbeiten- Probennahme: in /256 – 7/ {↓↑→} Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam et al. 2020-03-26
- >>Main<< -|- >>We received frozen tissue samples (lungs, intestine and blood) collected from 18 Malayan pangolins (Manis javanica) during August 2017–January 2018.<<
- >>Sample collection, viral detection and sequencing of pangolins in Guangxi<< -|- >>We received frozen tissue samples of 18 pangolins (M. javanica) from Guangxi Medical University, China, that were collected between August 2017 – January 2018.<<
2018-05
Bearbeiten- Probennahme: in /256 – 7/ {↓↑→} Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam et al. 2020-03-26
- >>Main<< -|- >>We conducted further qPCR testing on another batch of archived pangolin samples collected between May and July 2018.<<
- >>Sample collection, viral detection and sequencing of pangolins in Guangxi<< -|- >>... tested an additional 19 samples (nine intestine tissues and ten lung tissues), from 12 smuggled pangolins sampled between May–July 2018 by the group from Guangxi Medical University.<<
2018-07
Bearbeiten- Probennahme: in /256 – 7/ {↓↑→} Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam et al. 2020-03-26
- >>Main<< -|- >>We conducted further qPCR testing on another batch of archived pangolin samples collected between May and July 2018.<<
- >>Sample collection, viral detection and sequencing of pangolins in Guangxi<< -|- >>... tested an additional 19 samples (nine intestine tissues and ten lung tissues), from 12 smuggled pangolins sampled between May–July 2018 by the group from Guangxi Medical University.<<
2019-03
Bearbeiten- Beschlagnahmung: in /256 – 7/ {↓↑→} Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam et al. 2020-03-26
- >>Main<< -|- >>In addition to the animals from Guangxi, after the start of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak researchers of the Guangzhou Customs Technology Center re-examined five archived pangolin samples (two skin swabs, two unknown tissue samples and one scale) obtained in anti-smuggling operations performed in March 2019.<<
- >>Sample collection, viral detection and sequencing of pangolins in Guangdong<< -|- >>... Guangzhou Customs Technology Center re-examined their five archived pangolin samples (two skin swabs, two unknown tissue and one scale) obtained in anti-smuggling operations undertaken in March 2019.
2020-03
BearbeitenPublikation: /256 – 7/ {↓↑→} Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam et al. 2020-03-26: „Identifying SARS-CoV-2 related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins“ | Nature |
- Das ist die hautsächliche wissenschaftliche Referenz, die für einen großen Teil der Aussagen des langen Satzes zutrifft: Rote Liste und hohe Wahrscheinlichkeit des Schuppentiers als Zwischenwirt durch illegalen Handel, trotz seiner Seltenheit.
--
im Jahr 2019
Bearbeiten- Referenz, Hinweis auf andere, frühere Studie: in /256 – 7/ {↓↑→} Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam et al. 2020-03-26
- >>Main<< -|- >>Another study of diseased pangolins in Guangdong performed in 2019 also identified viral contigs from lung samples that were similarly related to SARS-CoV-2 {7}.<< Referenz {7}: Liu, P., Chen, W. & Chen, J. P. Viral metagenomics revealed Sendai virus and coronavirus infection of Malayan pangolins (Manis javanica). Viruses 12, 11 (2019).
--
/x – 1/ Ping Liu, Wu Chen & Jin-Ping Chen 2019-10-24
Bearbeiten2019-03
Bearbeiten- Bezugsquelle: in /x – 1/ {→} Ping Liu, Wu Chen & Jin-Ping Chen 2019-10-24
- >>1. Introduction<< -|- >>The Guangdong Wildlife Rescue Center received 21 live Malayan pangolins from the Anti-smuggling Customs Bureau on 24 March 2019; most individuals, including adults and subadults, were in poor health, and their bodies were covered with skin eruptions.<<
2019-10
Bearbeiten- Publikation: /x – 1/ {→} Ping Liu, Wu Chen & Jin-Ping Chen 2019-10-24 „Viral Metagenomics Revealed Sendai Virus and Coronavirus Infection of Malayan Pangolins (Manis javanica)“ | Viruses | | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/11/979 | PMID 31652964 |
im Jahr 2019
Bearbeiten- Abbildungen: in /x – 1/ {→} Ping Liu, Wu Chen & Jin-Ping Chen 2019-10-24
- >>3. Results<< -|- >>3.2. Sendai Virus<< -|- >>Figure 3.<< --...-- >>The black star indicates a contig of the Sendai virus from M. javanica in 2019.<<
- >>3. Results<< -|- >>3.2. Sendai Virus<< -|- >>Figure 4.<< --...-- >>The black star indicates a contig of the Sendai virus from M. javanica in 2019.<<
- >>3. Results<< -|- >>3.3. Coronavirus<< -|- >>Figure 5.<< --...-- >>The black star indicates a contig of the Sendai virus from M. javanica in 2019.<<
--
/259 – 11/ Xiaojun Li et al. 2020-06-01
Bearbeiten2020-06
Bearbeiten- Publikation: /259 – 11/ {↓↑→} Xiaojun Li et al. 2020-06-01 „Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 ... recombination ... selection“. | SCIENCE ADVANCES |
Zeitangaben überhaupt:
- /200/ - 2005 -
- Probennahme bei Fledermäusen: >>RESULTS<< -|- >>Acquisition of receptor binding motif through recombination<< -|- >>Among the Bat CoV sequences in clade 2 (fig. S1), ZXC21 and ZC45, sampled from bats in 2005 in Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China, are the most divergent, with the exception of the beginning of the ORF1a gene (region 1; Fig. 1A). <<
- /201/ - 2013 -
- Probennahme bei Fledermäusen: >>RESULTS<< -|- >>Acquisition of receptor binding motif through recombination<< -|- >>The RaTG13 sequence was sampled in 2013, years before SARS-CoV-2 was first identified. It is unlikely that both SARS-CoV-2 and RaTG13 independently acquired identical insertions at three different locations in the S gene.
- /pangolin/ - gegenwärtig -
- >>Recently, CoV sequences closely related to SARS-CoV-2 were obtained from confiscated Malaya pangolins in two separate studies (10, 11). These pangolin SARS-like CoVs (Pan_SL-CoV) form two distinct clades corresponding to their locations of origin: The first clade, Pan_SL-CoV_GD, sampled from Guangdong (GD) province in China is genetically more similar to SARS-CoV-2 (91.2%) than the second clade, Pan_SL-CoV_GX, sampled from Guangxi (GX) province (85.4%).
- Nr. 10: T. T.-Y. Lam, M. H.-H. Shum, H.-C. Zhu, Y.-G. Tong, X.-B. Ni, Y.-S. Liao, W. Wei, W. Y.-M. Cheung, W.-J. Li, L.-F. Li, G. M. Leung, E. C. Holmes, Y.-L. Hu, Y. Guan, Identifying SARS-CoV-2 related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins. Nature, (2020).
- Nr. 11: P. Liu, W. Chen, J.-P. Chen, Viral metagenomics revealed Sendai virus and coronavirus infection of Malayan pangolins (Manis javanica). Viruses 11, 979 (2019).
- >>Recently, CoV sequences closely related to SARS-CoV-2 were obtained from confiscated Malaya pangolins in two separate studies (10, 11). These pangolin SARS-like CoVs (Pan_SL-CoV) form two distinct clades corresponding to their locations of origin: The first clade, Pan_SL-CoV_GD, sampled from Guangdong (GD) province in China is genetically more similar to SARS-CoV-2 (91.2%) than the second clade, Pan_SL-CoV_GX, sampled from Guangxi (GX) province (85.4%).
/x – 2/ Ping Liu et al. 2020-05-14
Bearbeiten2020-05
Bearbeiten- Publikation: /x – 2/ {→} Ping Liu et al. 2020-05-14: „Are pangolins the intermediate host of the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)?“ | PLOS PATHOGENS | - | https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1008421 | PMID 32407364
2019-03
Bearbeiten- Viren-Detektion: in /x – 2/ {→} Ping Liu et al. 2020-05-14
- >>Results<< --- >>In March and July of 2019, we detected Betacoronaviruses in three individuals from two sets of smuggled Malayan pangolins (Manis javanica) (n = 27) that were intercepted by Guangdong customs [10]. All three animals suffered from serious respiratory disease and failed to be rescued by the Guangdong Wildlife Rescue Center [10] (S1 Table).<<
- Nr. 10: Xiao K, Zhai J, Feng Y, Zhou N, Zhang X, Zou JJ, et al. Isolation and Characterization of 2019-nCoV-like Coronavirus from Malayan Pangolins. bioRxiv. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.17.951335
- >>Results<< --- >>In March and July of 2019, we detected Betacoronaviruses in three individuals from two sets of smuggled Malayan pangolins (Manis javanica) (n = 27) that were intercepted by Guangdong customs [10]. All three animals suffered from serious respiratory disease and failed to be rescued by the Guangdong Wildlife Rescue Center [10] (S1 Table).<<
- Sequenzierung, Vergleich unterschiedlicher Tiere: in /x – 2/ {→} Ping Liu et al. 2020-05-14
- >>Discussion<< -|- >>The reads from the third pangolin acquired in July 2019 were relatively less abundant than those from the two pangolin samples acquired in March 2019.<<
2019-07
Bearbeiten- Viren-Detektion: in /x – 2/ {→} Ping Liu et al. 2020-05-14
- >>Results<< --- >>In March and July of 2019, we detected Betacoronaviruses in three individuals from two sets of smuggled Malayan pangolins (Manis javanica) (n = 27) that were intercepted by Guangdong customs [10]. All three animals suffered from serious respiratory disease and failed to be rescued by the Guangdong Wildlife Rescue Center [10] (S1 Table).<<
- Nr. 10: Xiao K, Zhai J, Feng Y, Zhou N, Zhang X, Zou JJ, et al. Isolation and Characterization of 2019-nCoV-like Coronavirus from Malayan Pangolins. bioRxiv. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.17.951335
- >>Results<< --- >>In March and July of 2019, we detected Betacoronaviruses in three individuals from two sets of smuggled Malayan pangolins (Manis javanica) (n = 27) that were intercepted by Guangdong customs [10]. All three animals suffered from serious respiratory disease and failed to be rescued by the Guangdong Wildlife Rescue Center [10] (S1 Table).<<
- Sequenzierung, Vergleich unterschiedlicher Tiere: in /x – 2/ {→} Ping Liu et al. 2020-05-14
- >>Discussion<< -|- >>The reads from the third pangolin acquired in July 2019 were relatively less abundant than those from the two pangolin samples acquired in March 2019.<<
- Beschreibung der Herkunft:
- >>Materials and methods<< -|- >>Data selection<< --...-- >>During our routine wildlife rescue efforts, one of the goals was to identify pathogens causing wildlife diseases. In 2019, we were involved in two events of pangolin rescues: one involved with 21 smuggling pangolins in March and the second with 6 smuggling pangolins in July. Although extensive rescue efforts ... symptoms ... From 11 pangolins failed to be rescued, we collected samples from their lung, lymph and spleen tissues and subjected for metagenomic analyses. ... Two of these animals were from the first batch of smuggled Malayan pangolins intercepted by Meizhou, Yangjiang, and Jiangmen customs in March, 2019, and the third one was from the second batch in a freight being transported from Qingyuan to Heyuan in July, 2019. The RNA samples from these three individuals were subjected to deep sequencing.
/x – 3/ Kangpeng Xiao et al. 2020-05-07
Bearbeiten2019-03
Bearbeiten- Bezugsquelle für Gewebe: /x – 3/ {→} Kangpeng Xiao et al. 2020-05-07
- >>Main<< -|- >>We obtained the lung tissues from 4 Chinese pangolins (Manis pentadactyla) and 25 Malayan pangolins (Manis javanica) from a wildlife rescue centre during March–August 2019, and analysed them for SARS-related coronaviruses using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) with primers that target a conservative region of betacoronaviruses.<<
- >>Samples<< --- >>Pangolins used in the study were confiscated by Customs and Department of Forestry of Guangdong Province in March and August 2019. They included four Chinese pangolins (M. pentadactyla) and 25 Malayan pangolins (M. javanica). The first transport confiscated contained 21 Malayan pangolins, and the second transport contained 4 Malayan pangolins and 4 Chinese pangolins. These pangolins were sent to the wildlife rescue centre, and were mostly inactive and crying, and eventually died in custody despite exhaustive rescue efforts. Tissue samples were taken from the lung of pangolins that had just died for histological and virological examinations.<<
2019-08
Bearbeiten- Bezugsquelle für Gewebe: /x – 3/ {→} Kangpeng Xiao et al. 2020-05-07
- >>Main<< -|- >>We obtained the lung tissues from 4 Chinese pangolins (Manis pentadactyla) and 25 Malayan pangolins (Manis javanica) from a wildlife rescue centre during March–August 2019, and analysed them for SARS-related coronaviruses using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) with primers that target a conservative region of betacoronaviruses.<<
- >>Samples<< --- >>Pangolins used in the study were confiscated by Customs and Department of Forestry of Guangdong Province in March and August 2019. They included four Chinese pangolins (M. pentadactyla) and 25 Malayan pangolins (M. javanica). The first transport confiscated contained 21 Malayan pangolins, and the second transport contained 4 Malayan pangolins and 4 Chinese pangolins. These pangolins were sent to the wildlife rescue centre, and were mostly inactive and crying, and eventually died in custody despite exhaustive rescue efforts. Tissue samples were taken from the lung of pangolins that had just died for histological and virological examinations.<<
2020-05
Bearbeiten- Publikation: /x – 3/ {→} Kangpeng Xiao et al. 2020-05-07 „Isolation of SARS-CoV-2-related coronavirus from Malayan pangolins“ | Nature | - | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2313-x | PMID 32380510 |
- Autorenliste: Kangpeng Xiao, Junqiong Zhai, Yaoyu Feng, Niu Zhou, Xu Zhang, Jie-Jian Zou, Na Li, Yaqiong Guo, Xiaobing Li, Xuejuan Shen, Zhipeng Zhang, Fanfan Shu, Wanyi Huang, Yu Li, Ziding Zhang, Rui-Ai Chen, Ya-Jiang Wu, Shi-Ming Peng, Mian Huang, Wei-Jun Xie, Qin-Hui Cai, Fang-Hui Hou, Wu Chen, Lihua Xiao & Yongyi Shen.
Zusammen
BearbeitenZusammen: /256 – 7/ Lam et al. 2020-03-26 + /x – 1/ Liu, Chen & Chen 2019-10-24 + /259 – 11/ Li et al. 2020-06-01 + /x – 3/ Kangpeng Xiao et al. 2020-05-07
Bearbeiten2017-08
Bearbeiten- Probennahme: in /256 – 7/ {↓↑→} Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam et al. 2020-03-26
- >>Main<< -|- >>We received frozen tissue samples (lungs, intestine and blood) collected from 18 Malayan pangolins (Manis javanica) during August 2017–January 2018.<<
- >>Sample collection, viral detection and sequencing of pangolins in Guangxi<< -|- >>We received frozen tissue samples of 18 pangolins (M. javanica) from Guangxi Medical University, China, that were collected between August 2017 – January 2018.<<
2018-01
Bearbeiten- Probennahme: in /256 – 7/ {↓↑→} Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam et al. 2020-03-26
- >>Main<< -|- >>We received frozen tissue samples (lungs, intestine and blood) collected from 18 Malayan pangolins (Manis javanica) during August 2017–January 2018.<<
- >>Sample collection, viral detection and sequencing of pangolins in Guangxi<< -|- >>We received frozen tissue samples of 18 pangolins (M. javanica) from Guangxi Medical University, China, that were collected between August 2017 – January 2018.<<
2018-05
Bearbeiten- Probennahme: in /256 – 7/ {↓↑→} Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam et al. 2020-03-26
- >>Main<< -|- >>We conducted further qPCR testing on another batch of archived pangolin samples collected between May and July 2018.<<
- >>Sample collection, viral detection and sequencing of pangolins in Guangxi<< -|- >>... tested an additional 19 samples (nine intestine tissues and ten lung tissues), from 12 smuggled pangolins sampled between May–July 2018 by the group from Guangxi Medical University.<<
2018-07
Bearbeiten- Probennahme: in /256 – 7/ {↓↑→} Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam et al. 2020-03-26
- >>Main<< -|- >>We conducted further qPCR testing on another batch of archived pangolin samples collected between May and July 2018.<<
- >>Sample collection, viral detection and sequencing of pangolins in Guangxi<< -|- >>... tested an additional 19 samples (nine intestine tissues and ten lung tissues), from 12 smuggled pangolins sampled between May–July 2018 by the group from Guangxi Medical University.<<
2019-03
Bearbeiten- Beschlagnahmung: in /256 – 7/ {↓↑→} Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam et al. 2020-03-26
- >>Main<< -|- >>In addition to the animals from Guangxi, after the start of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak researchers of the Guangzhou Customs Technology Center re-examined five archived pangolin samples (two skin swabs, two unknown tissue samples and one scale) obtained in anti-smuggling operations performed in March 2019.<<
- >>Sample collection, viral detection and sequencing of pangolins in Guangdong<< -|- >>... Guangzhou Customs Technology Center re-examined their five archived pangolin samples (two skin swabs, two unknown tissue and one scale) obtained in anti-smuggling operations undertaken in March 2019.
- Bezugsquelle für die Schuppentiere: in /x – 1/ {→} Ping Liu, Wu Chen & Jin-Ping Chen 2019-10-24
- >>1. Introduction<< -|- >>The Guangdong Wildlife Rescue Center received 21 live Malayan pangolins from the Anti-smuggling Customs Bureau on 24 March 2019; most individuals, including adults and subadults, were in poor health, and their bodies were covered with skin eruptions.<<
- Bezugsquelle für Gewebe: in /x – 3/ {→} Kangpeng Xiao et al. 2020-05-07
- >>Main<< -|- >>We obtained the lung tissues from 4 Chinese pangolins (Manis pentadactyla) and 25 Malayan pangolins (Manis javanica) from a wildlife rescue centre during March–August 2019, and analysed them for SARS-related coronaviruses using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) with primers that target a conservative region of betacoronaviruses.<<
- >>Samples<< --- >>Pangolins used in the study were confiscated by Customs and Department of Forestry of Guangdong Province in March and August 2019. They included four Chinese pangolins (M. pentadactyla) and 25 Malayan pangolins (M. javanica). The first transport confiscated contained 21 Malayan pangolins, and the second transport contained 4 Malayan pangolins and 4 Chinese pangolins. These pangolins were sent to the wildlife rescue centre, and were mostly inactive and crying, and eventually died in custody despite exhaustive rescue efforts. Tissue samples were taken from the lung of pangolins that had just died for histological and virological examinations.<<
2019-08
Bearbeiten- Bezugsquelle für Gewebe: in /x – 3/ {→} Kangpeng Xiao et al. 2020-05-07
- >>Main<< -|- >>We obtained the lung tissues from 4 Chinese pangolins (Manis pentadactyla) and 25 Malayan pangolins (Manis javanica) from a wildlife rescue centre during March–August 2019, and analysed them for SARS-related coronaviruses using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) with primers that target a conservative region of betacoronaviruses.<<
- >>Samples<< --- >>Pangolins used in the study were confiscated by Customs and Department of Forestry of Guangdong Province in March and August 2019. They included four Chinese pangolins (M. pentadactyla) and 25 Malayan pangolins (M. javanica). The first transport confiscated contained 21 Malayan pangolins, and the second transport contained 4 Malayan pangolins and 4 Chinese pangolins. These pangolins were sent to the wildlife rescue centre, and were mostly inactive and crying, and eventually died in custody despite exhaustive rescue efforts. Tissue samples were taken from the lung of pangolins that had just died for histological and virological examinations.<<
2019-10
Bearbeiten- Publikation: /x – 1/ {→} Ping Liu, Wu Chen & Jin-Ping Chen 2019-10-24 „Viral Metagenomics Revealed Sendai Virus and Coronavirus Infection of Malayan Pangolins (Manis javanica)“ | Viruses | | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/11/979 | PMID 31652964 |
2020-03
Bearbeiten- Publikation: /256 – 7/ {↓↑→} Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam et al. 2020-03-26: „Identifying SARS-CoV-2 related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins“ | Nature |
- Das ist die hautsächliche wissenschaftliche Referenz, die für einen großen Teil der Aussagen des langen Satzes zutrifft: Rote Liste und hohe Wahrscheinlichkeit des Schuppentiers als Zwischenwirt durch illegalen Handel, trotz seiner Seltenheit.
2020-05
Bearbeiten- Publikation: /x – 3/ {→} Kangpeng Xiao et al. 2020-05-07 „Isolation of SARS-CoV-2-related coronavirus from Malayan pangolins“ | Nature | - | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2313-x | PMID 32380510 |
- Autorenliste: Kangpeng Xiao, Junqiong Zhai, Yaoyu Feng, Niu Zhou, Xu Zhang, Jie-Jian Zou, Na Li, Yaqiong Guo, Xiaobing Li, Xuejuan Shen, Zhipeng Zhang, Fanfan Shu, Wanyi Huang, Yu Li, Ziding Zhang, Rui-Ai Chen, Ya-Jiang Wu, Shi-Ming Peng, Mian Huang, Wei-Jun Xie, Qin-Hui Cai, Fang-Hui Hou, Wu Chen, Lihua Xiao & Yongyi Shen.