Vorlage:Short description Vorlage:Use American English Vorlage:Use mdy dates Vorlage:Infobox person
William Joseph „Dard“ Hunter (* 29. November 1883 in Steubenville, Ohio, USA, † 20. Februar 1966 in Chillicothe, Ohio, USA) war eine amerikanische Autorität auf dem Gebiet des Druckens, Papiers und der Papierherstellung, insbesondere von Hand, unter Verwendung von Werkzeugen und Techniken des 16. Jahrhunderts. Er ist unter anderem für die Produktion von zweihundert Exemplaren seines Buches Old Papermaking bekannt, für das er alle Aspekte vorbereitete: Hunter schrieb den Text, entwarf und goss die Schrift, übernahm den Schriftsatz, fertigte das Papier von Hand an und druckte und band das Buch. Auf einer Ausstellung im Smithsonian Institut, die mit seiner Arbeit gezeigt wurde, hieß es: „In der gesamten Geschichte des Druckens sind dies die ersten Bücher, die vollständig durch die Arbeit eines einzigen Mannes hergestellt wurden.“[1] Er schrieb auch Papermarking by Hand in America (1950), ein ähnliches, aber noch größeres Unterfangen.
Hunter war in der Arts-and-Crafts-Bewegung aktiv und schuf und förderte viele andere Arten handgemachter Kunst und Handwerke und veröffentlichte seine eigenen Anleitungen, wie beispielsweise „Things You Can Make“. Er experimentierte mit Töpferwaren, Schmuck, Buntglasfenstern und Möbeln. Außerdem gründete er eine Fernschule, die Dard Hunter School of Handicrafts.
Leben
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Hunter was born and raised in Steubenville, Ohio, where his father published a gazette and ran a printery. From 1900 to 1903 he attended The Ohio State University. He began his career in East Aurora, New York, with a job at Roycroft, the Arts and Crafts company of Elbert Hubbard. In 1908, Hunter married Edith Cornell, a pianist he met at Roycroft, and the couple honeymooned in Vienna, a location inspired by Hunter's interest in Josef Hoffmann. Hunter returned to Europe to study papermaking in Italy, and was graduated from Vienna's Royal-Imperial Graphic Teaching and Experimental Institute (K. K. Graphische Lehr und Versuchsanstalt).
The couple went to London in 1911, where he worked as a commercial designer with Norfolk Studios. An exhibit at the London Science Museum provoked his interest in papermaking. In his exploration of primitive and early papermaking, he would travel to East Asia and Pacific locales such as Samoa, Tonga, and Fiji.
In 1912, they returned to the United States, and Hunter bought and moved into the Gomez Mill House near Marlboro, New York. He built a small papermill there, and crafted his first books on papermaking. Handmade paper was not being produced in America at the time; it had to be purchased from Europe. His English papermaking appliances were three centuries old, and were operated by a wooden water wheel. Over forty-six years, he wrote twenty books about papermaking, eight of which were hand-printed.[2]
In 1919, the Hunter family returned to Ohio and purchased the 1852 "Mountain House" in Chillicothe, which had been built for German winemakers.[3] Hunter used a wing joined to the house for his letterpress printing studio, named Mountain House Press, where he produced eight handmade books, authored twenty books on the topic of papermaking, and was an active publisher between 1922 and 1956. In 1958 he published his autobiography, My Life with Paper.
The year 1930 saw production start in a commercial one-vat mill, in a former iron foundry on the Salmon Fells Kill in Lime Rock, Connecticut, he had purchased and started transforming in 1928. It represented an expenditure, all told, of close to $35,000, about $488,000 in 2017 value. Although operating until 1933, it was a financial failure.[4][5]
Hunter opened the Dard Hunter Paper Museum at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1939, which he considered his greatest accomplishment.[2] It was moved to the Institute of Paper Chemistry in Appleton, Wisconsin, in 1954. The Robert C. Williams Paper Museum now comprises most of the collection of the Institute of Paper Science and Technology, on the campus of the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta.
Hunter was a Rosenbach Fellow in Bibliography at the University of Pennsylvania.[6]
Tod und Vermächtnis
BearbeitenHunter died on February 20, 1966, at Chillicothe, Ohio. His wife had died in 1951. Hunter is buried in Grandview Cemetery, Chillicothe.
Members of his family maintain Dard Hunter Studios at the historic Mountain House, which are open to the public by appointment. The studio provides an online library.[7] In addition to books written during his lifetime, Dard Hunter & Son is a tribute to the work of Hunter. The 1998 book was selected and exhibited in the New York Public Library's 2003–2004 exhibition Ninety from the Nineties.[8]
To promote and continue the tradition of hand papermaking and book arts, Friends of Dard Hunter was established in 1981.
Hunter's books on papermaking were inspirational to papermaker Douglass Morse Howell.[9]
Veröffentlichungen (Auswahl)
BearbeitenLiteratur
BearbeitenCathleen A. Baker: By His Own Labor: The Biography of Dard Hunter. Oak Knoll Press, New Castle, Delaware 2000, ISBN 1-58456-020-7 (englisch).
Weblinks
Bearbeiten- Commons: Arts and Crafts movement – Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien
- Dard Hunter Studios
Einzelnachweise
Bearbeiten- ↑ Dard Hunter, 82, an Authority on Paper and Printing, Is Dead, February 22, 1966, S. 21
- ↑ a b The Life of Dard Hunter. In: DardHunter.com. Dard Hunter Studios, 1004, abgerufen am 26. November 2023.
- ↑ Lorrie K. Owen (Hrsg.): Dictionary of Ohio Historic Places. Band 2. Somerset, St. Clair Shores, Michigan 1999, S. 1222.
- ↑ Dard Hunter: Papermaking: The History and Technique of an Ancient Craft. Dover, 1978, S. 452.
- ↑ Cathleen A. Baker: The American Museum of Papermaking New Home to the Dard Hunter Collection. 12. Juli 1994, abgerufen am 27. Februar 2017.
- ↑ Hunter, Dard, and A.S.W. Rosenbach Fellowship in Bibliography Fund. 1952. Papermaking in Pioneer America. Philadelphia: Univ. of Pa. Press.
- ↑ Contact. In: DardHunter.com. Dard Hunter Studios, 2004, abgerufen am 26. November 2023.
- ↑ Virginia Bartow: Ninety from the Nineties: A Decade of Printing. New York Public Library, 2003.
- ↑ Douglass Morse Howell. In: CraftCouncil.org. American Craft Council, abgerufen am 5. Februar 2021.
Kategorie:Designer
Kategorie:Papierhistoriker
Kategorie:Arts and Crafts Movement
Kategorie:Bildender Künstler (Vereinigte Staaten)
Kategorie:Museumsleiter
Kategorie:Amerikaner
Kategorie:Geboren 1883
Kategorie:Gestorben 1966
Kategorie:Mann
| Personendaten | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Hunter, Dard |
| ALTERNATIVNAMEN | Hunter, William Joseph |
| KURZBESCHREIBUNG | amerikanischer Designer und Papierhistoriker |
| GEBURTSDATUM | 29. April 1883 |
| GEBURTSORT | Steubenville, Ohio, USA |
| STERBEDATUM | 20. Februar 1966 |
| STERBEORT | Chillicothe, Ohio, USA |
Further reading
Bearbeiten- Paper maker's ancient art to be shown to New York; Dard Hunter will use utensils and methods in vogue four centuries ago — his mill at Marlboro-on-Hudson is operated by a wooden water wheel, April 6, 1924, S. XX15
- John Winterich: Pages That Tell a Story: My Life with Paper: An Autobiography. Alfred A. Knopf, New York 1958, S. 236.
- Hunter, Dard. 1952. Papermaking in Pioneer America. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
- Dard Hunter: Papermaking: The History and Technique of an Ancient Craft. Dover Publications, New York 1978, ISBN 0-486-23619-6 ( [1947]).
- Dard II Hunter: Dard Hunter & Son. Bird & Bull Press, Newton, Pennsylvania 1998.
External links
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- Friends of Dard Hunter, a non-profit organization
- Vorlage:Find a Grave
- The Harrison Elliott Collection at the Library of Congress has the sample collection of 300 early American papers and the correspondence and memorabilia of Dard Hunter, an authority on the history of paper.
- Dard Hunter collection at the Mortimer Rare Book Collection, Smith College Special Collections