Vorlage:Short description Vorlage:Use dmy dates Vorlage:Infobox religious biographyVorlage:Deobandi Muḥammadullāh ibn Idrīs ibn Akram ad-Dīn al-Miyānjī (Vorlage:Langx;[1] 1895 – 6 May 1987), commonly known as Hafezzī Huzūr (Vorlage:Langx, Vorlage:Langx), was a Bangladeshi politician, Islamic leader and founder of the Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan.[2][3] He was the first religious figure to stand for the highest state office in Bangladesh.[4]
Early life and education
BearbeitenMuhammadullah was born in the year 1895, in the village of Ludhua in the Raipur Thana of Lakshmipur, then under the Noakhali district of the Bengal Presidency. His father, Idris Mianji, was a munshi. Muhammadullah's grandfather, Akramuddin Mianji, was a disciple of Ghazi Imamuddin Bengali, a khalifa (spiritual successor) of Syed Ahmad Shaheed in Bengal.[1]
Muhammadullah studied at Fatehpur Primary School before proceeding to Chandraganj Madrasa where he studied for a year. He then studied for a year at Nawab Faizunnesa's madrasa in Laksam, and then enrolling at the Khilbais Madrasa in Lakshmipur. In Panipat, first under Qari Abdus Salam in 1913 and then under Qari Akhlaq Husayn in 1915, he completed his hifz. Muhammadullah completed the seven qira'at under Qari Abdul Alim ibn Qari Abdur Rahman Panipati.[5] He then moved on to study at Mazahir Uloom in Saharanpur from 1915 to 1922, where he completed Kutub al-Sittah. He gained a high-class certificate from Darul Uloom Deoband in 1923.[6]
Career
BearbeitenHis entrance to politics started with the founding of the Nizam-e-Islam Party in 1952. In 1978, the President of Bangladesh Ziaur Rahman removed the ban on religion-based political parties in the country. In response, Hafezzi Huzur sent the President an open letter, requesting him to base the country's administration upon Islamic ideals.[7] Following the assassination of Ziaur Rahman, Hafezzi Huzur stood up as an independent presidential candidate in the 1981 elections. He finished third, gaining 1.79% of the total votes.[3]
Hafezzi Huzur founded his own political party known as Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan in November 1981.[8] His political career included travelling and meeting dignitaries in Saudi Arabia, Iran and Iraq.[9]
In response to military rule, Hafezzi Huzur formed a committee, the Sammilita Sangram Parishad (Combined Action Committee), consisting of 11 Islamic parties.[10] He stood for the 1986 elections, in which he finished second with 5.69% of total votes.[11]
Views
BearbeitenHafezzi Huzur expressed opposition to the 1982 coup d'état, labelling Hussain Muhammad Ershad's military rule as un-Islamic. In his Shotorkobaṇī (words of warning) booklet, he referred to the Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami as a Mawdudi fitnah that spreads misguidance.[12]
Death and legacy
BearbeitenMuhammadullah died on 7 May 1987. His janazah was performed at the National Eidgah in Dhaka.[13]
In his honour, the erstwhile Mayor of Dhaka Mohammad Hanif renamed Phoenix Road (near Gulistan) to Mawlana Muhammadullah Hafezzi Huzur Road. This change was undone on 21 February 2017 by the Dhaka South City Corporation.[14] This action was a part of a campaign to rename places named after anti-independence individuals, suggested by the Bangladesh High Court.[15] Eyewitness accounts on the other hand, suggest that Hafezzi Huzur expressed support for the Bangladesh Liberation War referring to the Pakistan Army as oppressors.[16] Mawlana Imdadul Haq Araihazari also states that his involvement as a Bengali freedom fighter is due to Hafezzi Huzur's expression of support.[17][18]
Einzelnachweise
Bearbeiten- ↑ a b al-Kumillai, Muhammad Hifzur Rahman: كتاب البدور المضية في تراجم الحنفية. Dar al-Salih, Cairo, Egypt 2018, الشيخ الفاضل محمد الله بن إدريس النواخالوي البنغلاديشي المعروف بحافظجي حضور (arabisch).
- ↑ Syed Serajul Islam: Bangladesh in 1986: Entering a New Phase. In: Asian Survey. 27. Jahrgang, Nr. 2, Februar 1987, S. 168, doi:10.2307/2644611, JSTOR:2644611.
- ↑ a b Emajuddin Ahamed, D. R. J. A. Nazneen: Islam in Bangladesh: Revivalism or Power Politics? In: Asian Survey. 30. Jahrgang, Nr. 8, August 1990, S. 802, doi:10.2307/2644499, JSTOR:2644499.
- ↑ Islam, Muhammad Nazrul, Islam, Muhammad Saidul: Islam and Democracy in South Asia: The Case of Bangladesh. Springer Publishing, 20. März 2020, Islam, Islamism, and democracy in Bangladesh, S. 273.
- ↑ Azmi, Nur Muhammad: ? (Originaltitel: bn:হাদীছের তত্ত্ব ও ইতিহাস, deutsch: Information and history of Hadith). Emdadia Library, 2.2 বঙ্গে এলমে হাদীছ, S. 31 (bengalisch).
- ↑ ? (Originaltitel: bn:তওবার রাজনীতির প্রবর্তক আধ্যাত্মিক জগতের উজ্জ্বল নক্ষত্র হযরত হাফেজ্জী হুজুর রহ) In: The Daily Sangram, 18 July 2013 (bengalisch).
- ↑ হাফেজ্জী হুজুর স্মারক গ্রন্থ (in Bengali), Hafezzi Huzur Parishad 2005, 933
- ↑ Jahid, Salim: ? (Originaltitel: bn:জীবদ্দশায় ছেলেরা, এখন নাতিরা পদ নিয়ে দ্বন্দ্বে) In: Prothom Alo, 28 November 2014 (bengalisch).
- ↑ Humayun Kabir: Religion and Representation: Islam and Democracy. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2015, ISBN 978-1-4438-7059-7, Beyond Jamaat-e-Islami: The Political Rise of the Deobandis, the Mystic Leaders, and Islamism in Bangladesh, S. 63.
- ↑ Riaz, Ali, Rahman, Mohammad Sajjadur: Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Bangladesh. Taylor & Francis, 29. Januar 2016.
- ↑ Transfer and transformation: political institutions in the New Commonwealth. Essays in honour of W. H. Morris-Jones. Leicester University Press, 1983, S. 134.
- ↑ Humayun Kabir: Religion and Representation: Islam and Democracy. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2015, ISBN 978-1-4438-7059-7, Beyond Jamaat-e-Islami: The Political Rise of the Deobandis, the Mystic Leaders, and Islamism in Bangladesh, S. 64.
- ↑ Khan, Muhammad Zafarullah: ? (Originaltitel: bn:হযরত হাফেজ্জী হুজুর রহ) In: Daily Inqilab, 14 June 2017 (bengalisch).
- ↑ ? (Originaltitel: bn:সড়ক থেকে হাফেজ্জী হুজুরের নাম মুছে দেওয়ার পরিণাম শুভ হবে না) In: Bangla Tribune, 24 February 2017 (bengalisch).
- ↑ Mahadi Al Hasnat: Hefazat's demand irrational, 12 February 2017
- ↑ Alamgir, Anis: Qawmi certificate, Greek sculpture and Pohela Boishakh, 22 April 2017
- ↑ Mabnu, Syed: ? (Originaltitel: bn:বাংলাদেশের স্বাধীনতা যুদ্ধ ও উলামায়ে কেরাম, deutsch: Bangladesh's independence war and the ulama). (bengalisch).
- ↑ Zahir ibne Muslim: ? (Originaltitel: bn:বাংলাদেশের স্বাধীনতাযুদ্ধে আলেমসমাজের ভূমিকা), 14 March 2014 (bengalisch).
Vorlage:Commons category Vorlage:Hanafi scholars [[Category:Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan politicians]] [[Category:1895 births]] [[Category:1987 deaths]] [[Category:People from Lakshmipur District]] [[Category:Politicians from Chittagong Division]] [[Category:20th-century Muslim scholars of Islam]] [[Category:Bengali Muslim scholars of Islam]] [[Category:Bangladeshi Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]] [[Category:Deobandis]] [[Category:20th-century Bengalis]] [[Category:Bangladeshi political party founders]] [[Category:Disciples of Ashraf Ali Thanwi]] [[Category:Muslim scholars]] [[Category:Candidates for President of Bangladesh]]