Vorlage:Pp The Reer Nuur (Somali: Reer Nuur), also known as Nuur Yoonis, is a northern Somali clan, a sub-division of the Makahiil sub-clan of the Gadabuursi clan family.[1]Vorlage:Infobox ethnic group
Overview
BearbeitenThe Reer Nuur are one of the biggest sub-clans of the Gadabuursi clan family. Historically, they occupied the buffer zone between the Gadabuursi and Isaaq tribes.[2] Historically, when the clan would meet for political affairs, the Reer Nuur would be counted as one separate branch, on equal standing with the Habar Afan, Mahad 'Ase , Aadan Yonis and the Jibril Yonis sub groups of the Gadabuursi family .[3]
Distribution
BearbeitenThe Reer Nuur reside in 3 countries, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and Somaliland.
Within Somaliland, the Reer Nuur reside in the Awdal province, and share the Baki District with the Reer Mohammed (Mahad 'Ase) and Habar Afan, although Dilla District is dominated by them. They also inhabit the Borama District .[4]
Within the Maroodi Jeex province, they reside in the Gabiley District, in towns such as Tog Wajaale,[5][6] El Bardale,[7][8] and Gabiley.[9][10][11][12][13][14] Within the Hargeisa District, they reside in Hargeisa, in the Stadium and State Park neighborhoods.[15]
Within Djibouti, the Reer Nuur reside in Quarter 4 and 5 of Djibouti (city).[16][17]
Within Ethiopia, the Reer Nuur reside in the Somali Region, specifically in the Awbare district, the most demographically popular region of the Jigjiga Zone. The Reer Nuur historically have grazed up to Jijiga[18] and make up the majority of the inhabitants of the city of Awbare.[19][20][21][22]
History
BearbeitenAs a member of the Dir clan, the Reer Nuur come under the Makahiil branch of the Gadabuursi. As a member of the Dir clan, the Reer Nuur were a part of the Sultanate of Ifat and the Adal Sultanate.[23] These sultanates were run by the Walashma dynasty, who were originated by the famous Yusuf bin Ahmad al-Kawneyn.
The Reer Nuur also occupy some of the oldest towns of these sultanates, the towns of Amud and Awbare. Which are also known as important historical sites and home to many Somali saints.[24][25]
In the colonial age, the Reer Nuur were adamantly anti colonization, and refused to join the British (along with other Gadabuursi) against the Dervish movement.[26]
The Balwo style of music and poetry was invented by a member of the Reer Nuur clan, known as Abdi Sinimo. His new style of music also led to the rise of the Heello genre and gave birth to modern Somali music.[27][28]
Clan Tree
BearbeitenThe Reer Nuur claim descent from Dir through Gadabuursi, listed below.
- Gadabuursi[3][29]
- Habar Makadur (Makadoor)
- Makahil
- Mussee
- Yuunes (Reer Yoonis)
- Nuur Yoonis (Reer Nuur)
- Yuunes (Reer Yoonis)
- Mussee
- Makahil
The sub divisions of the Noor Yoonis:
- Noor Yoonis (Reer Nuur)[30]
- Reer Mahmuud
- Abdi Mahamuud
- Xuseen
- Xaad (Buul-xun)
- Shirdoon
- Gabbal
- Koohi (Bafaad)
- Samatar (Bafaad)
- Bahdoon Samatar
- Ali
- Raage
- Xergeeye
- Khayre (bah-caso)
- Bahdoon (bah-caso)
- Samatar-yare (bah-caso)
- Dhaabur (bah-caso)
- Cismaan (Reer – Cismaan)
- Xuseen
- Halas Mahmuud
- Cumar Halas
- Husien Omar
- Farah Omar
- Afi Omar
- Gelleh Omar
- Roble Omar
- Guled Halas
- Samatar Guled
- Xildiid Guled(Xareed-Qoobbuur)
- Dhidar Guled
- Muse Halas
- Hiraab Halas
- Cali Halas
- Cumar Halas
- Hassan Mahmuud (Nimidoor)
- Hufane Mahmuud (Nimidoor)
- Roble Mahmuud (Ba-Jibra’en)
- Mohamed Mahmuud (Ba-Jibra’en)
- Abdi Mahamuud
- Reer Farah
- Ibrahim Farah
- Guled Ibraahim
- Amare Guled
- Xergeeye Amare
- Faarah Amare
- Shirwac Guled
- Gaboobe Shirwac
- Xirsi Shirwac
- Samatar Shirwac
- Geedi Shirwac
- Geeldoon Shirwac
- Abrar Guled
- Rooble Guled
- Amare Guled
- Gaade Ibraahim
- Meecaad Gaade
- Loodoon Gaade
- Bahdoon Gaade
- Bare Ibraahim
- Gabdoon Bare
- Meecaad Gabdoon (Gurey)
- sareeye Gabdoon
- Samatar Gabdoon (Qabile)
- Magan Gabdoon
- Waadhawr Magan (Reer wadheer)
- Abdillahi Magan
- Bahdoon Magan
- Gabdoon Bare
- Samakaab Ibraahim
- Rooble Ibraahim
- Samatar Rooble
- Dadar Ibraahim
- Salah Ibraahim (Dadar)
- Guled Ibraahim
- Geedi Farah also known as (Gabarmadow)
- Wayteen Geedi
- Cali Geedi
- Mahamed Geedi
- Dabeer Geedi
- Hiraab Geedi
- Reer Ali Abdi
- Ibrahim Farah
- Reer Mahmuud
References
Bearbeiten[[Category:Gadabuursi]]
- ↑ Hassan Ali Jama: Who Cares about Somalia: Hassan's Ordeal; Reflections on a Nation's Future. Verlag Hans Schiler, 2005, ISBN 978-3-89930-075-8 (englisch, google.com).
- ↑ R. J. Hayward, I. M. Lewis: Voice and Power. Routledge, 2005, ISBN 978-1-135-75175-3 (englisch, google.com).
- ↑ a b Guido Ambroso: CLAN SHIP, CONFLICT AND REFUGEES: AN INTRODUCTION TO SOMALIS IN THE HORN OF AFRICA. UNHCR HARGEISA, Brussels 2002, S. 7: „One informer told me that in Borama, when there are important decisions to be made, the Gadabursi normally divide themselves into four "parties.The Habar Afan, the Mahad Asse, the Jibril Yonis, and the Nur Yonis.“
- ↑ Wariye: "Siimoodi iyo Baki Reer Nuur baa leh, Balse Waa lanala Degaa." Salaadiinta Reer Nuur. In: Waaheen Media Group, 17. Januar 2015. Abgerufen am 30. März 2018 (amerikanisches Englisch).
- ↑ Mohamed Abdi: Addressing Land-based Conflicts in Somaliland and Afghanistan. Academy for Peace and Development, 2007, S. 67: „Within Tog Wajaale, there was a continuous conflict from 1993-2016 between the Samaroon (Reer Maxamed Nur) and the Jibril Abokor (Aadan Cumar) regarding the privatization of communal land. Through the work of traditional elders, Guurti, and the Gabiley Local council, it has been partially resolved.“
- ↑ Didier Morin: Des paroles douces comme la soie: introduction aux contes dans l'aire couchitique (Bedja, Afar, Saho, Somali). Peeters Publishers, 1995, ISBN 978-90-6831-678-0 (französisch, google.com).
- ↑ Rival clans "re-arming" over Somaliland farm In: IRIN, 16. Oktober 2009. Abgerufen am 30. März 2018 (englisch). „Elberdale farmland dispute. The farmland dates back to the 1950s with the two clans - the Reer Nour and Reer Hared - each claiming ownership over farms in the town.“
- ↑ Clashes displace hundreds of families in Somaliland In: IRIN, 16. Juli 2009. Abgerufen am 30. März 2018 (englisch). „The latest clashes marked the fourth time armed conflict has broken out in the Elberdale farmland in the past six months between the Hared and Mohamoud Nour clans.“
- ↑ Mohamed Saeed Gees: PILLARS OF PEACE:Democracy in Somaliland Challenges and Opportunities. Academy for Peace and Development, Hargeysa 2010, S. 77.
- ↑ Guido Ambroso: CLANSHIP, CONFLICT AND REFUGEES: AN INTRODUCTION TO SOMALIS IN THE HORN OF AFRICA. UNCHR, Brussels, Belgium März 2002, S. 69: „Genealogical Chart #2.2 shows the diversity of the Gadabursi lineages residing in Gabiley. The Bahabar Aden, Bahabar Abokor, and Degaweyne lineages constituting the "Bah Samaroon" alliance group of the Gadabursi that reside in Gabiley. Chart also shows the Reer Mohamed Nur (Also Gadabursi) residing in Gabiley as well.“
- ↑ Walter Dostal: Shattering Tradition: Custom, Law and the Individual in the Muslim Mediterranean. S. 296.
- ↑ Pastoral society and transnational refugees: population movements in Somaliland and eastern Ethiopia. UN High Commissioner for Refugees, 8. August 2002, S. 5: „Table 1: Somaliland’s clans by region, Page 5 shows that the Gadabursi do reside in Gabiley.“
- ↑ École pratique des hautes études, Section des sciences économiques et sociales, École des hautes études en sciences sociales: Cahiers d'études africaines, Volume 37, Issues 1-2; Volume 37, Issues 145-146. Mouton, Indiana University 1997, S. 360: „various Gadabursi lineages reside in Gabiley“
- ↑ Isbahaysigii Gol-waraabe ee ay bahwadaagta ku ahaayeen Reer Nuur iyo Jibriil Abokor. In: Awdalpress.com, 14. Januar 2011. Abgerufen am 30. März 2018 (amerikanisches Englisch).
- ↑ Housing Land and Property Issues in Somalia: Persons of Concern in Somaliland and South-Central Somalia. Legal Action Worldwide (LAW), 2014, S. 23: „Figure 2 on page 23 shows the Samaroon people inhabiting the neighborhoods of Stadium and State House Park in Hargeisa.“
- ↑ Simon Imbert-Vier: Tracer des frontières à Djibouti: des territoires et des hommes aux XIXe et XXe siècles. KARTHALA Editions, 2011, ISBN 978-2-8111-0506-8 (französisch, google.com).
- ↑ Henry a Rayne: Sun, Sand and Somals; Leaves from the Note-Book of a District Commissioner in British Somalia. BiblioLife, 2015, ISBN 978-1-297-56976-0 (englisch, google.com).
- ↑ Emilio Scarin: Hararino, ricerche e studi geografici. G. C. Sansoni, 1942 (italienisch).
- ↑ R. J. Hayward, I. M. Lewis: Voice and Power. Routledge, 2005, ISBN 978-1-135-75175-3, S. 136 (englisch, google.com): “The major town and region of the Rer Farah Nur, Aw Baare.”
- ↑ Federico Battera, Walter Dostal, Wolfgang Kraus (ed.): Shattering Tradition: Custom, Law and the Individual in the Muslim Mediterranean. I.B. Taurus, London 2005, ISBN 1-85043-634-7, Chapter 9: The Collapse of the State and the Resurgence of Customary Law in Northern Somalia, S. 296 (google.com [abgerufen am 18. März 2010]).
- ↑ Somaliland: The Myth of Clan-Based Statehood. Somalia Watch, 7. Dezember 2002, archiviert vom am 15. Juni 2006; abgerufen am 29. Januar 2007.
- ↑ Walter Dostal, Wolfgang Kraus: Shattering Tradition: Custom, Law and the Individual in the Muslim Mediterranean. I.B.Tauris, 2005, ISBN 978-0-85771-677-4, S. 296 (englisch, google.com).
- ↑ Futūḥ al-Ḥabasha. (n.d.). Christian-Muslim Relations 1500 - 1900. doi:10.1163/2451-9537_cmrii_com_26077
- ↑ Philip Briggs: Somaliland: With Addis Ababa & Eastern Ethiopia. Bradt Travel Guides, 2011, ISBN 978-1-84162-371-9 (englisch, google.com).
- ↑ David Staines: Margaret Laurence: Critical Reflections. University of Ottawa Press, 2001, ISBN 978-0-7766-1658-2 (englisch, google.com).
- ↑ Eugène Gugenheim: Gil Bas, 18. November 1902 „A Zeylah, le gouvernement britannique a essayé de lever des recrues parmi les guerriers Gadaboursis : mais ceux-ci ont refusé de marcher contre le Madht du Somaliiand“
- ↑ Edward Hirsch: A Poet's Glossary. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2014, ISBN 978-0-547-73746-1 (englisch, google.com).
- ↑ Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi: Culture and Customs of Somalia. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001, ISBN 978-0-313-31333-2, 171 (englisch, archive.org): “balwo.”
- ↑ Abtirsi.com : Nor Yuunes Muse. In: www.abtirsi.com. Abgerufen am 30. März 2018.
- ↑ Abla-Ablaynta Beelaha Qabiilka Gadabuursi (samaroon siciid). In: Samaroon's Weblog, 15. Juli 2009. Abgerufen am 30. März 2018 (amerikanisches Englisch).