Wahlen in Bangladesh 1986 (en.: General elections, bengalisch তৃতীয় জাতীয় সংসদ নির্বাচন, ১৯৮৬) wurden am 7. Mai 1986 in Bangladesch durchgeführt. 1.527 Kandidaten traten zu den Wahlen an.[1] Die Jatiya Party errang 153 der 300 Sitze. Die Wahlbeteiligung lag bei 61,1 %.[2] Die Bangladesh Nationalist Party, welche aus den vorherigen Wahlen als Sieger hervorgegangen war, boykottierte die Wahlen.
Britische Wahlbeobachter bezeichneten die Wahlen als „Tragödie für die Demokratie“ („tragedy for democracy“) und als „zynisch frustrierte Übung“ („cynically frustrated exercise“).[3]
Hintergrund
BearbeitenIm Staatsstreich in Bangladesch 1982 stürzte der damalige Army Chief Hussain Muhammad Ershad den demokratisch gewählten Präsidenten Abdus Sattar, setzte die Verfassung (বাংলাদেশের সংবিধান — Bangladesher Sambidhāna) außer Kraft und führte das Kriegsrecht ein. Das Parlament wurde aufgelöst und alle politischen Parteien wurden verboten. Ershad ernannte den Richter A. F. M. Ahsanuddin Chowdhury als Präsidenten (27. März 1982). Im Dezember 1983 ernannt sich Ershad selbst zum Präsidenten.[4] 1983 versprach Ershad Präsidentschaftswahln im Mai 1984 abzuhalten und die parlamentarische Regierung im folgenden Jahr wieder einzuführen.[4] Bis 1986 wurden jedoch keinerlei Wahlen durchgeführt.
Amid increasing opposition from the general public, Ershad aimed to legitimise his regime by holding a referendum in March 1985.[5] The official result of the referendum was overwhelmingly in support of his regime; however, there were allegations of large-scale vote rigging.[5][6]
Ershad planned to hold a presidential election in early 1986, but was faced with vigorous opposition from the Bangladesh Awami League-led eight-party alliance, Bangladesh Nationalist Party-backed seven-party alliance and the left-leaning five-party alliance, who demanded the lifting of martial law and the holding of parliamentary elections prior to a presidential election.[6] Conceding to opposition demands general elections were scheduled for 7 May 1986.
Am 1. Januar 1986 Ershad formed Jatiya Party to represent his interests in the elections. The winners of the previous elections, BNP, boycotted the elections but Awami League, and the majority of other political parties, contested. At the time of elections, martial law was still in place and Ershad was still Army Chief.
Results
BearbeitenThe result was a victory for Ershad's Jatiya Party, which won a simple parliamentary majority with 153 of 300 seats.[2][7] However the result was controversial, with Awami League accusing the Jatiya Party of election rigging and a British team of observers - consisting of a former Labour Party minister, a Conservative Party lawmaker and a BBC journalist - terming the elections a "tragedy for democracy" and a "cynically frustrated exercise".[6]
| Partei | Stimmen | % | Sitze | +/- | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vanua’aku Pati | 26.617 | 47,28 | 26 | +2 | |||
| Union of Moderate Parties | 22.443 | 39,87 | 19 | +7 | |||
| New People’s Party | 1.418 | 2,52 | neu | ||||
| Friend Melanesian Party | 1.119 | 1,99 | 1 | ||||
| National Democratic Party | 879 | 1,56 | neu | ||||
| Nagriamel | 766 | 1,36 | |||||
| Vanuatu Independent Alliance Party | 442 | 0,79 | |||||
| Vanuatu Labour Party | 322 | 0,57 | neu | ||||
| Unabhängige | 2.288 | 4,06 | 0 | ||||
| Gültige Stimmen | 56.294 | 99,33 | |||||
| Ungültige Stimmen | 382 | 0,67 | |||||
| Gesamt | 56.676 | 100 | 46 | +7 | |||
| Nichtwähler | 22.437 | 28,36 | |||||
| Wahlberechtigte / Wahlbeteiligung | 79.113 | 71,64 | |||||
Jatiya Party|votes1=12079259|seats1=153|sc1=New
|party2=Awami League|votes2=7462157|seats2=76|sc2=+37 |party3=Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami|votes3=1314057|seats3=10|sc3=New |party4=Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Rab)|votes4=725303|seats4=4|sc4=New |party5=Bangladesh Muslim League|votes5=412765|seats5=4|sc5=+4 |party6=National Awami Party|votes6=369824|seats6=5|sc6=+5 |party7=Communist Party of Bangladesh|votes7=259728|seats7=5|sc7=+5 |party8=Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Siraj)|votes8=248705|seats8=3|sc8=New |party9=National Awami Party (Muzaffar)|votes9=202520|seats9=2|sc9=+1 |party10=Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League|votes10=191107|seats10=3|sc10=New |party11=Workers Party of Bangladesh|votes11=151828|seats11=3|sc11=New |party12=Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan|votes12=123306|seats12=0|sc12=New |party13=Jana Dal|votes13=98100|seats13=0|sc13=New |party14=Bangladesh Nagarik Sanghati|votes14=68290|seats14=0|sc14=New |party15=Islami Jukta Front|votes15=50509|seats15=0|sc15=New |party16=Jatiya Janata Party (Odud)|votes16=46704|seats16=0|sc16=New |party17=Bangladesh Samyabadi Dal (M-L)|votes17=36944|seats17=0|sc17=New |party18=Gano Azadi League|votes18=23632|seats18=0|sc18=0 |party19=Bangladesh Islamic Andolan|votes19=22931|seats19=0|sc19=New |party20=Jamaaiatay Olamaya Islam|votes20=5676|seats20=0|sc20=New |party21=Jamaaiatay Olamaya Islam-Nezam-e-Islami party|votes21=5572|seats21=0|sc21=New |party22=Pragotishil Jatiyatabadi Dal|votes22=2997|seats22=0|sc22=New |party23=Jatiya Janata Party (Sujat)|votes23=1988|seats23=0|sc23=New |party24=Bangladesh Jayita League|votes24=1985|seats24=0|sc24=–2 |party25=Bangladesh Hindu Oikkya Front|votes25=1338|seats25=0|sc25=New |party26=Jatiyatabadi Ganatantrik Dal|votes26=149|seats26=0|sc26=0 |party27=Young Muslim Society|votes27=141|seats27=0|sc27=New |party28=Bangladesh Islamic Republican Party|votes28=110|seats28=0|sc28=New |party29=Independents|votes29=4619025|seats29=32|sc29=+16 |invalid=377209 |total_sc=0 |electorate=47305886 |source=Nohlen et al., Government of Bangladesh
Nachwirkungen
BearbeitenIn August 1986 Ershad resigned from military service and a presidential election was held in October 1986, in which Ershad was declared the victor. However the elections were controversial as they were boycotted by all major opposition candidates and there were reports of irregularities.[9]
In November 1986, the second session of the third parliament was used for passing the constitution's seventh amendment bill, which primarily protected Ershad and his regime from prosecution for actions taken under his years of military rule, and on 11 November martial law was lifted.[10]
In July 1987, the opposition parties united in opposition of government policies. Ershad declared a state of emergency in November, dissolved parliament in December, and scheduled new parliamentary elections for March 1988.[6]
Einzelnachweise
Bearbeiten- ↑ Bangladesh Inter-Parliamentary Union.
- ↑ a b Dieter Nohlen, Florian Grotz, Christof Hartmann: Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume II. 2001: S. 536. ISBN 0-19-924959-8
- ↑ Shakhawat Liton: Ershad’s desperate bids go in vain. In: The Daily Star. thedailystar.net.
- ↑ a b Bangladesh Leader in Military Regime Assumes Presidency . In: The New York Times nytimes.com 12. Dezember 1983.
- ↑ a b [https://www.upi.com/Archives/1985/03/21/Bangladesh-holds-referendum-on-military-rule/2820480229200/%7Ctitle=Bangladesh holds referendum on military rule|website=UPI|language=en|access-date=2018-12-29}}
- ↑ a b c d [https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-152587%7Ctitle=Ershad's desperate bids go in vain|date=28 August 2010|website=The Daily Star|language=en|access-date=2018-12-29}}
- ↑ Government of Bangladesh |year=1991 |title=A Background Paper on Bangladesh Parliamentary Elections. Dhaka: Press Information Department (Handout No. 429)}}
- ↑ Official Gazette, Nohlen et al. paclii.org.
- ↑ Bangladesh Chief Claims Vote Victory |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/10/17/world/bangladesh-chief-claims-vote-victory.html |work=The New York Times |date=17 October 1986}}
- ↑ [https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1986/11/11/martial-law-ends-in-bangladesh/2be0301b-5fc2-4e63-93d8-ff368b939a3b/%7Ctitle=Martial Law Ends in Bangladesh|date=11 November 1986|work=The Washington Post|access-date=2018-12-29|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286}}
Wahlen in
[[Category:1986 elections in Bangladesh|General]] [[Category:General elections in Bangladesh]] [[Category:1986 elections in Asia|Bangladesh]] [[Category:May 1986 events in Asia|Bangladesh]]