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Colin Murray Turbayne (*7. Februar 1916 in Tannymorel (Queensland), † 16. Mai 2006 in Queensland) war ein australischer Philosoph und ein international anerkannter Experte für die Schriften von George Berkeley, dem er den Grossteil seiner 35 Jahre währenden akademischen Kariere an der University of Rochester widmete und war als Autor des Buches The Myth of Metaphor (ISBN 978-1258438135, OLCL 6918910598) bekannt.

Leben

Privatleben und Grundausbildung

Turbayne wurde am 7. Februar 1916 in der Landgemeinde Tannymorel in Queensland, Australien geboren. Sein Vater David Livingston Turbayne war ein Banker und seine Mutter Alice Eva Rene Lahey stammte aus einer Familie, die zu den Pionieren der Besiedlung Queenslands durch europäische Siedler gehörte.

Colin besuchte die England Grammar School in Brisbane, wo er sich als Cricketspieler und Schülersprecher (Head Boy/Prefect) betätigte. Während des 2. Weltkriegs arbeitete er für den australischen Geheimdienst im pazifischen Krieg und diente als en:Chief of staff des australischen Geheimdienstes bei Douglas MacArthur in verschiedenen pazifischen Schauplätzen.

1940 heiratete Turbayne Ailsa Krimmer mit der er zwei Jungs hatte: Ron und John. Die Tunrbaynes waren 51 Jahre verheiratet (bis zum Tod Ailsas im Jahr 1992.

Colin Murray Turbayne starb am 16. Mai 2006 in Queensland.

Akademische Ausbildung

Seine Grundausbildung absolvierte 1940 Turbayne an der University of Queensland in Brisbane, 1946 erlangte er dort den Mastergrad.

1947 zog Turbayne in die Vereinigten Staaten, seine Studien an der University of Pennsylvania fortsetzte. 1950 erlangte er sowohl den Grad MA als auch den Doktorgrad in Philosophie.

Diee Rush Rhees Bibliothek an der University of Rochester

His PhD. dissertation at the University of Pennsylvania Constructions Versus Inferences in the Philosophy of Bertrand Russell focused on the philosophical works of the British philosopher and logician Bertrand Russell (1950). His MA dissertation at the University of Queensland focused on Berkeley's philosophy as embodied in his Commonplace book(1947).

Following the completion of his advanced studies, Turbayne acquired his first academic post as an Assistant Professor of Philosophy at the University of Washington. He remained on the faculty from 1950 until 1955. Subsequently, he served as an Assistant Professor of Speech at the University of California at Berkley from 1955 until 1957. Soon thereafter, he was appointed as an Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Rochester in 1957. A short time later in 1962, he was promoted to Full Professor of Philosophy and continued to teach at the University of Rochester until his appointment to Professor Emeritus in 1981.

Akademische Karriere

In addition to serving as a lecturer, Turbayne was a noted authority and researcher on the philosophical insights of George Berkeley. Over the years, he edited several of Berkeley's works and essays, while helping to sustain interest in Berkeley's works during the mid twentieth century. In addition, he was the first commentator to recognize the central importance of metaphor in the philosophy of Berkeley. He is best known for his book The Myth of Metaphor which was published in 1962 by Yale Universisty Press. A critical reviewer described the work as a "welcome addition to the analysis of metaphorical language".

In his book, Professor Turbayne argues that metaphor would necessarily occur in any language that could ever claim to embody richness and depth of understanding. In addition, he provides a critical analysis of the simplistic Cartesian and Newtonian depictions of the universe as little more than a "machine" - a concept which underlies much of the scientific materialism which prevails in the modern Western world. He also provides evidence that the philosophical concept of "material substance" or "substratum" has limited meaning at best and that modern man has unknowingly fallen victim to an unnecessary literal interpretation of one of many potentially beneficial metaphorical models of the universe.

Another central theme of The Myth of Metaphor is Turbayne's analysis of Berkelely's theory of vision and his theory of space as compared to Newtonian mechanics. Through careful analysis, Turbayne demonstrates that Berkeley's "language metaphor" provides a more convincing explanation of various natural phenomena including: the Barrovian case, the case of the horizontal moon and the case of the inverted retinal image. Turbayne also provides a detailed review of Berkeley's effort to dispel the confusing use of metaphorical language in the description of the mind and in the description of ideas in general through the misuse of hypotheses which were initially developed to explain such occurrences in the physical world. As a result, Turbayne has been described as one of the leading interpreters of Berkeley's theories of vision and relative motion as well as Berkeley's relationship to both Kant and Hume.<ref="nachruf"/>

In his final book Metaphors for the Mind: The Creative Mind and Its Origins (1990), Turbayne illustrates the manner in which historical traditions in philosophical thought have contributed to accepted modern theories of human thought in general and theories of language in particular. Turbayne provides an in depth review of the early philosophical writings of both Plato and Aristotle, while illustrating the manner in which Platonic metaphors have influenced the works of both Berkeley and Emanuel Kant. In addition, he demonstrates the manner in which Plato's procreation model as outlined within his Timeus has influenced modern theories of thought and language. He concludes by attempting to restore the original model which describes a mind in which both the female and male hemispheres function in concert to participate in the act of creation. A critical reviewer of the book noted that it contains interesting material which is likely to both provoke and surprise its readers.

Turbayne has been described as being convinced of Phenomenalism, as well as being skeptical of the validity of Materialism. In addition, he has been cited as supporting the view that metaphors are properly characterized as "categorical mistakes" which may lead an unsuspecting user to considerable obfuscation of thought.<

In the early 1990s Colin M. Turbayne and his wife established an International Berkeley Essay Prize competition in cooperation with the Philosophy Department at the University of Rochester in order to encourage continued research into Berkeley's works by aspiring young scholars.

Notable students of Colin Murray Turbayne include: Paul J. Olscamp - President Emeritus Bowling Green State University & Western Washington University.

Ehrungen

• Fulbright Fellow
• Guggenheim Fellowship, 1965
• 1959 und 1966 wurde er vom American Council of Learned Societies gefördet
• 1979 wurde er Senior Fellow des NEH
• Ehrendoktorat der Literaturwissenschaften der Bowling Green State University.

Publikationen

• Ausgewähte Werke bei Bei Archive.org, bei JSTOR.org und bei JSTOR.org
• (Hrsg) Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous, George Berkeley. New York & Indianapolis, 1954
• "Berkeley and Russell On Space"- Dialectica, Vol. 8, No. 3, September, 1954, pp. 210–227.
• "Kant's Refutation of Dogmatic Idealism" - The Philosophical Quarterly, Vol. 5, No. 20, July 1955, pp.225-244
• (Hrsg) A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge George Berkeley, New York, 1957
• Berkeley's Two Concepts of Mind in der Zetischrift Philosophy and Phenomenological Research Jahrgang 20| Nr 1, vom September 1959, Seiten = 85–
  Wiedergegeben in Gale Engle und Gabriele Taylor: Berkeley's Principles of Human Knowledge: Critical Studies, Belmont, CA 1968| Seiten 24–33 In dieser Sammlung wurden zwei Artikel, die in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research veröffnelicht wurden:
  • "Berkeley’s Two Concepts of Mind"
  • C. Turbayne’s reply to S.A. Grave "A Note on Berkeley’s Conception of the Mind" (Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 1962, vol. 22, No. 4).
• Turbayne C. M. A Bibliography of George Berkeley 1963-1979 // Berkeley: Critical and Interpretive Essays. Ed. by C. M. Turbayne. Manchester, 1982. ISBN 978-0-8166-1065-5 pp. 313–329.
• Turbayne, Colin Murray, and Robert Ware. "A Bibliography of George Berkeley, 1933-1962." Journal of Philosophy 60 (1963):93-112.
• Turbayne, Colin Murray, ed. Works on Vision George Berkeley, Indianapolis, 1963
• Turbayne, Colin Murray, ed. Principles, Dialogues and Philosophical Correspondence, George Berkeley. Prentice Hall Vol. 208 of Library of Liberal Arts 1965, ISBN 0024216003.
• Turbayne, Colin Murray. "The Origin of Berkeley's Paradoxes." In Steinkraus, Warren E., ed. New Studies in Berkeley's Philosophy. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1966. Foreword by Brand Blanshard. pp. 31–42.
• Turbayne, Colin Murray. "Visual Language from the Verbal Model." Visible Language 3 (1969):345-70
• Turbayne, Colin Murray, ed. Berkeley: Principles of Human Knowledge, Text and Critical Essays. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1970.
  Reviewed by G. P. Conroy. Journal of the History of Philosophy 9 (1971): 510-12; J. M. Beyssade. Études philosophiques 4 (1970):523-26.
• Turbayne, Colin Murray. "Berkeley's Metaphysical Grammar." In Turbayne. Berkeley, Principles … Text and Critical Essays. 1970. pp. 3–36.
• Turbayne, Colin Murray "Visual Language", ETC: A Review of General Semantics Vol. 28, No. 1. March 1971. pp.51-58.
• Turbayne, Colin Murray. The Myth of Metaphor. With forewords by Morse Peckham and Foster Tait and appendix by Rolf Eberle. Columbia, S. C: University of South Carolina Press, 1970. Rev. of 1962 ed. Spanish ed., Fondo de Cultura Economica, Mexico, 1974. Reviewed by Paul J. Olscamp "The Philosophical Importance of С. M. Turbayne's The Myth of Metaphor." International Philosophical Quarterly 6 (1966): 110-31.
• Turbayne, С. M., and R. Appelbaum. "A Bibliography of George Berkeley, 1963-1974." Journal of the History of Philosophy 15 (1977):83-95.
• Turbayne, Colin M. "Grosseteste and an Ancient Optical Principle", Isis 50 (1959): 467-72.
• Turbayne, Colin M., ed., Berkeley. Critical and interpretive essays. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1982.
• Turbayne, Colin M. "Hume’s Influence on Berkeley." Revue internationale de philosophie 154 (1985): 259-69.
• Turbayne, Colin M. Metaphors for the Mind. The Creative Mind and its Origin. Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press, 1991.

Mitgliedschaften

Colin Murray Turbayne was an active member of both the American Philosophical Association as well as the American Association of University Professors.

Siehe auch

• George Berkeley
• Metaphysik
• Erkenntnistheorie
• Sprachphilosophie
• Metapher

Weblinks

• Berkeley Prize Winners
• Colin Murray Turbayne's publications on JSTOR.org
• Colin Murray Turbayne's publications on Google Scholar

Kategorie:Geboren 1916 Kategorie:gestorben 2006 Kategorie:Mann Kategorie:Australier Kategorie:US-Amerikaner Kategorie:Absolvent der University of Pennsylvania Kategorie:Hochschullehrer (University of Rochester) Kategorie:Philosoph (20. Jahrhundert) Kategorie:George Berkeley Kategorie:Geschichtsphilosoph