Transgender
BearbeitenTransgender is the state of one's gender identity or gender expression not matching one's assigned sex.[1] Transgender is independent of sexual orientation; transgender people may identify as heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, etc; some may consider conventional sexual orientation labels inadequate or inapplicable to them. The definition of transgender includes: • "Of, relating to, or designating a person whose identity does not conform unambiguously to conventional notions of male or female gender roles, but combines or moves between these."[2] • "People who were assigned a sex, usually at birth and based on their genitals, but who feel that this is a false or incomplete description of themselves."[3] • "Non-identification with, or non-presentation as, the sex (and assumed gender) one was assigned at birth."[4] A transgender individual may have characteristics that are normally associated with a particular gender, identify elsewhere on the traditional gender continuum, or exist outside of it as other, agender, genderqueer, or third gender. Transgender people may also identify as bigender or along several places on either the traditional transgender continuum or the more encompassing continuums that have been developed in response to recent, significantly more detailed studies.[5] Furthermore, many transgender people experience a period of identity development that includes better understanding one's self-image, self-reflection, and self-expression. More specifically, the degree to which individuals feel genuine, authentic, and comfortable within their external appearance and accept their genuine identity is referred to as transgender congruence.[6]
●Transsexual, Transgender, and Gender-Nonconforming are terms that describe “expression of gender characteristics, including identities that are not stereotypically associated with one’s assigned sex at birth.” These forms of expression are common and typically are not treated clinically (WPATH, 2011). Nevertheless, prejudice against gender-nonconforming people can cause harm (Meyer, 2003). http://genderedinnovations.stanford.edu/terms/gender.html World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH). (2011). Standards of Care for the Health of Transsexual, Transgender, and Gender-Nonconforming People. Minneapolis: WPATH.
Einzelnachweise
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• Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation. ‘’GLAAD Media Reference Guide - Transgender glossary of terms", ‘’GLAAD’’, USA, May 2010. Retrieved on 2011-02-24.
• Author unknown, (2004) "...Transgender, adj. Of, relating to, or designating a person whose identity does not conform unambiguously to conventional notions of male or female gender, but combines or moves between these..." Definition of transgender[dead link] from the Oxford English Dictionary, draft version March 2004. Retrieved on 2007-04-07.
• "USI LGBT Campaign - Transgender Campaign". Retrieved 11 January 2012.
• Stroud District Council "Gender Equality SCHEME AND ACTION PLAN 2007"
• "Layton, Lynne. In Defense of Gender Ambiguity: Jessica Benjamin. Gender & Psychoanalysis. I, 1996. Pp. 27–43". Retrieved 2007-03-06
• Kozee, H. B., Tylka, T. L., & Bauerband, L. A. (2012). Measuring transgender individuals' comfort with gender identity and appearance: Development and validation of the Transgender Congruence Scale. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 36, 179-196. doi: 10.1177/0361684312442161